Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango (Sources, Methods, Doses and time of application)

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango

Introduction
Soil of India are generally poor in fertility and low in organic matter. Among major nutrients, N deficiency is universal. The soil health problem is expected to further aggravate with increasing target of food production to meet the food need of ever increasing population of the country. Thus the important task for integrated nutrient management is the efficient management of the soil to keep it productive through continuous application of fertilizers and organic manures. For better nutrient use efficiency chemical fertilizers are frequently used by the farmers. In this RLO we will discuss sources, methods, doses and time of application of chemical fertilizers

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango

Introduction
Chemical fertilizers have been the key elements in enhancing the fruit production in India. Fertilizer is the macro-micro nutrients carrier which when applied judiciously to soil or foliage meets the nutrient need of the crop. From the point of view of environmental protection the word judicious is very relevant in the nutrient management. For efficient fertilizer management, split application, appropriate timing, proper placement, etc need to be adopted. Thus it is important to have an idea about source of nutrient, methods and time of application and placement of fertilizers for better nutrient use efficiency.
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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Sources of nitrogen

Fertilizer Urea Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium chloride Calcium Nitrate Ammonium sulphate N (%) 46.0 26.0 34.0 25.0 15.5 20.6

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Sources of phosphorous

Fertilizer Single super phosphate Rock phosphate Bone meal

P (%) 16.0 18.0 20.0

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Source of potassium

Fertilizer Potassium sulphate Potassium chloride Potassium Magnesium Sulphate

K (%) 52 60 22

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Mix fertilizers used as NPK source

Fertilizer DAP Potassium Nitrate NPK (15:15:15) NPK (10:26:26) NPK (12:32:16)

N (%) 18 13 15 10 12

P (%) 46 15 26 32

K (%) 45 15 26 16

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Sources of micronutrient

Micronutrient Copper Copper Iron Iron Boron Boron Manganese Zinc Source Copper sulphate Cu EDTA Ferrous sulphate Basic slag Borax Boric acid Manganese sulphate Zinc sulphate Content (%) 35 13 20 13 11 17 24 36

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Doses of Primary Nutrients recommended for Mango

Age of Mango plant (in years) N 1 10 11 100 1000 -do-

Nutrient dose (g)

P 50 500 -do-

K 100 1000 -do-

The doses applied in the subsequent years should be increased every year upto 10 years in the multiple of the first years dose
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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Doses of secondary nutrients recommended in Mango
Age of the plant (in years) Nutrient dose (g)

Copper sulphate 1 10 25 250

Zinc sulphate 25 250

Borax 250

Borax is applied from 5th year at the rate of 125 g/tree and increased 25 g every year.

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers
Fertilizers Factor Fertilizers Phosphatic fertilizers Single super phosphate Rock phosphate Factor 6.25 5.56 Nitrogenous fertilizers Urea 2.17 Calcium ammonium nitrate 3.85 Ammonium nitrate Ammonium chloride Calcium nitrate Ammonium sulphate 2.94 4.0 6.45 4.84

Bone meal 5.00 Potassic fertilizers Potassium sulphate 1.92 Potassium chloride 1.66 Potassium magnesium4.55 sulphate

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers

May be given a small numerical example of calculating doses of chemical fertilizers by using these factors (if possible)

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango

Time of application
Non-bearing plants can be supplied fertilizers in several split doses. This helps in avoiding loss of nutrient through leaching since root system of young plants are not so elaborated. Bearing trees, apply full quantity of nitrogenous fertilizers, half phosphorous and half potash just after harvesting of fruits in June/July. The other half quantity of phosphorous and potash should be applied in October with last irrigation. Foliar application of 3 % urea in sandy soils is recommended before flowering.

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Fertilizer application method

In addition to source of nutrients, time of application and doses, the method of fertilizer application is also important in nutrient management.

Fertilizers must be equally distributed on the root zone area from 30 cm tree trunk to drip line in mango trees.

Drip irrigation in Mango

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Fertilizer application method

After broad casting, fertilizers should be incorporated thoroughly to the soil by cultivating the top soil. Care should be taken not to damage the roots. Urea must only be applied when the soils are moist otherwise trees must be irrigated immediately after urea application.

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Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in Mango Let Us sum up

Timely correction of nutrients deficiency is utmost important for getting maximum yield without deteriorating plant health. To meet the nutrients requirement of mango tree one can apply different fertilizers. Application of fertilizers at right time and judiciously is very important. Amount of different fertilizers should be calculated based on nutrients available in those particular fertilizers. Timely application of fertilizers can boost the productivity of the mango.

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