Signed , Unsigned and Fractional Binary Numbers

REPORT OF: EZEKIEL A. DE LEON BSECE 03

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

The value of a decimal number is based on three

factors.
The type of symbol used The position of the symbol with respect to a fixed

reference (decimal point).

The use of zero.

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

Example: Based on the three factors listed earlier, let's look at what the decimal number 702 represents. 7 0 2 . Decimal
Ones Tens Hundreds

The "0" in the tensthe hundreds column The digit "2" inpositional value The digit "7" inabsolute value of all therefore, the the ones positional means there column meansthe absolute value column 702. represent there are positional are no tens, so the absolute three digits is value is 0. 2. value of

seven hundreds.

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

An Unsigned binary number, this form of binary representation is known as unsigned integers because it can only represent integers that are positive. When the numeric representation is also allowed to include negative integers, its is known as signed integers. The positive values are stored as simple binary numbers, but negative numbers are stored in two complement form.

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

Things to remember:

For signed integers that use twos complement notation, the MSB is assigned the role of indicating the sign of the number. An MSB of 1 means that the number is negative; an MSB of 0 means that the number is positive (or zero).

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

The MSB in this case is approximately termed the sign bit.

The procedure for determining the decimal equivalent of a twos complement binary number is exactly the same as the one we have used for unsigned integer, except that the sign of the MSB is negative.

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

A 4- bit binary b3 b2 b1 b0 = (-23 b 2 22 + b323 +)+ b2 2 + b1 bb0 b 2 2 ++ number 2where21121is0b00 0 -2 2 2 2 the least significant MSB LSB bit (LSB) and b3 is 1 0 0 1 = 123 + 3)22 b 021 + 120 = 8 + 1 29 1(-2 0 + +2 significant = 0 22 + b121 + b0 Sign bit: the most 0 = positive number = -8 + 1 = -7 1 = negative number bit (MSB) Calculating the decimal equivalent of a 4-bit 4Calculating the decimal equivalent of a binary number in signedin unsigned integer bit binary number integer format using twos format complement. Observe the sign of the MSB is negative
MSB LSB
3 2 1 0

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers

Fractional Binary Numbers

In Fractional Binary numbers, we must move the binary point toward the left so that some (or all) of the bits are to the right of the binary point.
b7
Signed integers:

b6

b5

b4

b3

b2

b1

b0

-27 -27

26 26

25 24 25 24

23 23

22 21 22 2 1

20 20

Unsigned integers:

Assumed location of binary point

Location of binary point for an 8-bit binary number in twos complement signed integer and unsigned integer formats.

Fractional Binary Numbers

.
Location of binary point Sign bit

MSB
b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1

LSB
b0

MSB
b7

LSB
b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

Location of binary point

Location of binary point for an 8-bit binary number. The upper part shows the unsigned fraction format. The lower part shows the signed fraction format.

Fractional Binary Numbers

To determine the b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 decimal equivalent of 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 a binary fraction, Location of binary multipl the binary point (unsigned fraction) 0.0068125 0.00390625 fraction, multiply the 0.5 0.25 0.125 binary digit that is n MSB LSB places to the right of the decimal point by b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 2-n , or 1/2n . The -20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 upper part shows the Location of unsignedpoint binary fraction. 1 0.25 0.5 0.015625 0.0078125 The lowerfraction) (signed part shows the signed fraction format.

MSB

LSB