LOCATION TRACKING (LT) & GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS)

AGENDA

Introduction to LT & GPS

Necessity of technology Architecture and design Functionality Utilities and Applications

Drawbacks of GPS

INTRODUCTION

GPS tracking means to trace something or someone with the Global Positioning System. The GPS consists of a set of 24 operational satellites and land-based control stations. The system was designed for and is operated by the U. S. military, owned by the US Department
of Defense (DoD).

Since 1994 the Global Positioning System has been available for civilian use at no cost. By using GPS satellites, local land-based networks and wireless radio signals LT will find you, wherever you are.

NECESSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Defense were facing challenges to increase security of the US.

During emergencies we require immediate tracking of important people. Logistic companies need tracing of their fleet for reliable operations. Personal valuables vehicles and goods when stolen or lost were not easier to locate.

Architecture and design

Three major segments
SPACE

GPS
CONTROL USER

SPACE SEGMENT

SPACE SEGMENT

The space segment consists of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in operation and three extras in case one fails).
Each in its own orbit 20,200 kilometers above the Earth. Orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are six orbital planes with nominally four satellites in each, equally spaced (60 degrees apart). This constellation provides the user with between five to eight satellites visible (with respect to communication) from any point on the earth.

CONTROL SEGMENT

CONTROL SEGMENT
Monitor station HAWAII

Master control Station COLORADO

Monitor station
Monitor station

KWAJALEIN

DIEGO GARCIA

Monitor ASCENSION ISLAND station

CONTROL SEGMENT

The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world.
One Master Control station and four monitor stations. The Master Control unit, located at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado, is responsible for overall management of the remote monitoring and transmission sites. The 4 Monitor Stations are unmanned stations located around the world (Hawaii and Kawajalein in the Pacific Ocean; Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean; Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean. They track up to 11 satellites twice a day.

USER SEGMENT

USER SEGMENT

The user segment consists of GPS-receivers, located in cars, planes or even in GPS collars for wildlife.

Handheld

They can be as small as a mobile phone.

Biosensor

FUNCTIONALITY
GPS receiver has to know two things:

The location of at least three satellites above you. The distance between you and each of those satellites

A GPS receiver's job is to locate three or more GPS satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location. This operation is based on a simple mathematical principle called trilateration.

EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
Satellite 1

100 km

Satellite 1 detect the receiver with in the radius of 100 km

EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
Satellite 1 200 km

100 km

Satellite 2 Satellite 2 detect the receiver with in the radius of 200 km

EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
50 km Satellite 3

200 km Satellite 1

100 km

Satellite 2 Satellite 3 detect the receiver with in the radius of 50 km

EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
50 km Satellite 3

200 km Satellite 1 Satellite 2 100 km

The intersection point of these three circles will be the exact location of Target

How Satellite Measures the Distance

EARTH Satellite Rx on Earth

Time Delay * velocity of light = Distance

Periodic simultaneous Transmission b/w Satellite and Rx on Earth station

Measuring Distance Explanation

The receiver and satellite both need clocks that can be synchronized down to the nanosecond.
For best synchronization Atomic clocks are required at both ends. But atomic clocks cost somewhere between $50,000 and $100,000, which makes them a just a bit too expensive for everyday consumer use. The Global Positioning System has a clever, effective solution to this problem. Every satellite contains an expensive atomic clock, but the receiver itself uses an ordinary quartz clock, which it constantly resets.

UTILITES & APPLICATION

Vehicle Fleet Tracking

GPS Single Vehicle Tracking GPS Data Logging Real Time Tracking

UTILITES & APPLICATION

Vehicle Tracking

Real Time Vehicle Tracking

DRAWBACKS OF GPS

System are very costly and required professional experience.

A stolen object cant be traced out if Receiver is switched off or facing power failure. Position of the receiver cant be traced if kept under high EM insulation. The drawbacks to GPS are that it requires a minimum of 4-5 satellites in order to give accurate locations. The Hijacker is not guaranteed to catch.

Thank You