Sphoorthy engineering college

SEMINAR ON

Density based traffic light control system presented by S Santosh rao - 08n81a0426 M L Karthik - 08n81a0442 Guided by Anoop kumar Department of electronics and communication engineering

AIM:

The main aim of this project is to design Density Based traffic light controlling system.

PURPOSE:

The main purpose of our project Density based traffic Light controlling is to control the switching of traffic Lights automatically according to the density.

MOTIVATION:

. Whenever there is more or less traffic density on one side of the road the traffic light controlling can be varied accordingly. To develop the above system we are using Embedded systems.

Embedded systems
Embedded systems are self-contained programs that are embedded within a piece of hardware. Whereas a regular computer has many different applications and software that can be applied to various tasks, embedded systems are usually set to a specific task that cannot be altered without physically manipulating the circuitry. Another way to think of an embedded system is as a computer system that is created with optimal efficiency, thereby allowing it to complete specific functions as quickly as possible.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
IR-E IR-W

LCD
Microcontroller
Traffic signal lights

IR-N IR-S

AT 89c51

Key board

Step down t/f

Bridge rectifier

Filter

Regulator

power supply to all sections

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:
POWER SUPPLY:

A d.c power supply which maintains the output voltage constant Irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is known

as Regulated D.C Power Supply

A 5V regulated power supply system as shown above.

MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89C51):

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 4K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel's high-density non-volatile

memory technology.

Pin diagram of AT89C51:

Microcontroller heart

The Major Features:

Compatible with MCS-51 Products 4k Bytes of in-system Reprogrammable flash memory Fully static operation: 0HZ to 24MHZ Three level programmable clock 128 * 8 bit timer/counters Six interrupt sources Programmable serial channel

Low power idle power-down modes

Liquid crystal display

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs (seven segment LEDs or other multi segment LEDs) because of the following reasons: The declining prices of LCDs. The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying the data. Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

INTERFACING OF LCD WITH MICROCONTROLLER

VCC
p2.0 4(rs) p2.15(r/w) p2.2 6(en)

GND

89C51

LCD PRESET

vcc gnd

For backlight

IR SENSORS:
. IR sensor is the combination of IR LED with PHOTO DIODE. After this combination we are connecting the DARLINGTON PAIR TRANSISTOR.

PHOTODIODE:

Here the photodiode is like a normal LED but receives

the IR signals.
A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage,

depending upon the mode of operation.

Darlington pair

LED:
Function LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.

Here, in this project the led are used as Traffic lights.

OPERATION OF THE PROJECT:

The IR Transmitter will transmit the IR rays, if these are

not received by IR Receiver. Then it will be noticed that an obstacle will be detected on the path of IR rays.

This indication will be given as input to the micro controller.

Whenever, this happens, the micro controller will increment the count of the no. o f vehicles that are detected by IR sensors. And thus the traffic light Switches accordingly.

SOFTWARE USED:

Keil software for C programming Express PCB for lay out design Express SCH for schematic design

APPLICATIONS:
This system is mainly designed, to apply this in real time traffic controlling based on density to reduce the traffic.

ADVANTAGES:

Here, in this system we are using the IR sensors and array of Leds, interfaced with a micro controller.
Very less no. of components are using here, occupies less space and hence in real time application easily applicable very efficiently.

DRAW BACK:
Whenever the vehicles pass with very high speed on the road,

the IR Sensor cant detect the vehicles, the reason is that the IR ray
breakdown in its path cant be identified.

Power consumption is more at every startup.

Future aspects:
The density based traffic light switching based on sensors is developed for
Reducing the power consumption and to save it.

However it can be enhanced in such a way that, by calculating the

particular time intervals and by interfacing integrated real time clock to Microcontroller. Also by calculating the carbon monoxide present in the atmosphere.

CONCLUSION:
The project DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLING has been successfully designed and tested. Secondly, using highly advanced ICs and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.

Any queries

Thank you.