Railway Track Cross section

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Coning Of Wheels
The process of providing a slope of 1:20 to the

wheels of of the train in order so that the wheels remain exactly at the center of the rail is known as coning of wheels.

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Advantages of coning of wheels

To reduce the wear and tear of the

wheel flanges and rails

For provision of lateral movement of

the axle with its wheel

To prevent wheels from slipping to

some extent.
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Disadvantages of coning of wheels

Pressure on outer rail is more as compared to

the inner rail. Hence wear is more on outer rail.

Due to the centrifugal force, the horizontal

component tends to turn the outer rail out and causes gauge widening. fixture of rails then the edges of the rails get damaged.

If no base plate is used on the sleepers for

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Tilting of Rails
The tilting of the base plate or the sleeper

done by providing a inward slope of 1:20 is known as tilting of rails. As shown in the fig below. Tilting of rails is done in order to minimize the demerits of coning.

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In order to minimize the wear and

tear of the rail and wheels on curves, sometimes the coning of wheels is done by providing a slope of 1:40 to 1:100 in rare cases.

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Uniformity of Gauges
As far as possible the gauge width should be kept uniform throughout. Uniformity of gauges result in the following advantages.
1. Difficulties in loading and unloading are

avoided and labor expenses is saved.

2. Large sheds to store goods are not required. 3. Locomotives can be effectively used on all

the tracks if a uniform type of gauge is 3/10/12 adopted.