Tri-Axis Motion Detection using MEMS for Unwired Mouse Navigation System in the Future Generation Machines

Contents

Team & Members Intention Existing System Projected System Block Diagram Block Explanation Block Explanation Schematic Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References

Intention
A voice-controlled human-computer interface has

been designed that enables severely handicapped individuals to operate a computer using wireless technology

Existing System
Requires neighbors contribution

Less accuracy with eye movements

Difficult to interface with devices Complex system and inconvenience

Users sacrifice a degree of freedom

Projected System
Compatible for any computers

Time dependant and reliable system

Head movement control Effective indicator for user

To point out the exact location of the cursor

High accuracy and convenience Options selection with help of blinking eye

Block Diagram
Human interacting section:
Signal conditioning section
Microcontroller Unit

Eye Blink sensor

Zigbee

3-axis MEMS Accelerometer

Computer Application Interface section

Zigbee

RS232 Communication

Module Description
Cursor can be move with the help of head movements. 3-

Axis Accelerometer will send the movement direction to Microcontroller. Microcontroller pass the actual information to encoder. Information encoded then sends using TX Zigbee receiver will Decode the received information. Microcontroller send to PC through RS232 cable. It will perform the operation. Same operation for selecting any documents with the help of eye blink.

Power Supply Circuit

D1 JP2 2 1 220 VAC 2 -

VDD +4 1 VIN VOUT

GND

VDD R4 220 ohm D2

U2 7805 C6 100 uF C7 0.1 uF

C5 470 uF

LED

Power Supply Circuit Description

The operation of power supply circuits built using

filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by rectifying the AC voltage, Then filtering to a DC level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator Unit, which takes a DC voltage and provides a somewhat lower DC voltage, Which remains the same even if the input DC voltage varies, or the output Load connected to the DC voltage changes.

About Microcontroller
PIC16F877A microcontroller is used for this

project It is 8-bit Microcontroller System is RISC Architecture It has Small set of Instruction set It has 35-Instructions only Compatibility: avail 28/40 Pin ICs

Pin Diagram

PIC16F877A microcontroller
VDD SW2 R5 220 ohm RESET R6 1k 0.1 uF C10

11

32

12 VSS

VDD

MCLR RA0

RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RA4 RA5 RE0 RE1 RE2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 14

VDD

VSS

31

MCLR/Vpp RA0/AN0 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/Vref RA3/AN3/Vref + RA4/T0CKI RA5/AN4/SS RE0/AN5/RD RE1/AN6/WR RE2/AN7/CS OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT

RB7/PGD RB6/PGC RB5 RB4 RB3/PGM RB2 PIC16F877 RB1 U3 RB0/INT

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33

RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0

Y1 4 Mhz C8 27 pF C9 27 pF

RC0 RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7

15 16 17 18 23 24 25 26

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 RC2/CCP1 RC3/SCK/SCL RC4/SDI/SDA RC5/SDO RC6/TX/CK RC7/RX/DT

RD7/PSP7 RD6/PSP6 RD5/PSP5 RD4/PSP4 RD3/PSP3 RD2/PSP2 RD1/PSP1 RD0/PSP0

30 29 28 27 22 21 20 19

RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0

TX RX

ADC Module

ADC Module
ADC module is a 10-bit analog-to-digital

converter The analog circuits of this converter, referred to as the core in this document, include the frontend analog multiplexers (MUXs), sample-andhold (S/H) circuits, the conversion registers It includes programmable conversion sequencer, result registers

Block Diagram

Serial communication

Serial communication
PIC microcontroller and write the code to initialize the

USART and use it to send and receive data Data you need to transmit and it will do the rest. It transmits data at standard speeds of 9600,19200 bps etc The advantage of hardware USART is that you just need to write the data to one of the registers of USART and your done, you are free to do other things while USART is transmitting the byte. USART automatically senses the start of transmission of RX line and then inputs the whole byte and when it has the byte it informs you(CPU) to read that data from one of its registers

USART pins inPIC16f877A

The USART always transmits data on pin RC6/TX

The USART always receives data on pin RC7/RX

The RS-232 standard defines lots of other signals

other than TX and RX used for handshaking.

SERIAL COMMUNICATION
RS232 standard is an

asynchronous serial communication method. The word serial means, that the information is sent one bit at a time. Asynchronous tells us that the information is not sent in predefined time slots. Data transfer can start at any given time and it is the task of the receiver to detect when a message starts and ends.

RS232 pins

Zigbee Module

Zigbee module
The XBee and XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules were

engineered to meet IEEE 802.15.4 standards and support the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between devices. The modules operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band and are pin-for-pin compatible with each other

Data Flow diagram

The XBee/XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules interface

to a host device through a logic-level asynchronous serial port. Through its serial port, the module can communicate with any logic and voltage compatible UART; or through a level translator to any serial device (For example: Through a Digit proprietary RS-232 or USB interface board).

Software Tools
Software Requirements: MPLAB IDE PICKIT 2 Programmer OrCAD Design

Softwares Tool explanation

Flash Programmer :Flash is a multimedia platform that is

popular for adding animation and interactivity to web pages. Originally acquired by Macromedia Embedded C: A sample program introduces C C is a free field language . Function declarations allow for one routine to call another Compound statements are the more complex operations Global variables are permanent and can be shared Local variables are temporary and are private Source files make it easier to maintain large projects

MP Lab
MPLAB IDE runs as a 32-bit application on MS

Windows, is easy to use and includes a host of free software components for fast application development and super-charged debugging. MPLAB IDE also serves as a single, unified graphical user interface for additional Microchip and third party software and hardware development tools. Moving between tools is a snap, and upgrading from the free software simulator to hardware debug and programming tools is done in a flash because MPLAB IDE has the same user interface for all tools.

Software Tools (Screenshots )

MP Lab.

MPLAB IDE

OrCAD Design

Human Interaction section

1

D1 1 2 4 + 2 C5 9V AC
3

VCC IN 7805 OUT GND

100uF/16V

1 2

DB106

R3 C6 D3 330E VCC_BAR A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 HT12E DOUT R3 OSC1 OSC2 TE 560E AD11 AD10 AD9 AD8 2

Antenna VCC_BAR 4 RF Transmitter 3 1

470uF/25V

SSF-LXH101

SW0

R3

C7

12

31

32 VDD

RST MCLR Ey eBlink MEMS

330E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 14

CAP

VSS

VSS

VDD

11

MCLR/VPP RA0/ANO RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF RA3/AN3/VREF+ RA4/TOCKI/C1OUT RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT REO/RD/AN5 RE1/WR/AN6 RE2/CS/AN7 OSC1/CLKI OSC2/CLKO RCO/T1OSO/T1CKI RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 RC2/CCP1 RC3/SCK/SCL RC4/SDI/SDA RC5/SDO RC6/TX/CK RC7/RX/DT PIC16F877A

RB7/PGD RB6/PGC RB5 RB4 RB3/PGM RB2 RB1 RB0/INT

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33

470uF/25V

Y1
470uF/25V

C5 4 Mhz

C5

TX RX

15 16 17 18 23 24 25 26

RD7/PSP7 RD6/PSP6 RD5/PSP5 RD4/PSP4 RD3/PSP3 RD2/PSP2 RD1/PSP1 RD0/PSP0

30 29 28 27 22 21 20 19

Machine Interface section

VCC 0.1uF

40

20

C1 OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7

VCC U1 P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 SIP 9 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10k R3 1

Voice Recognition Kit

GND

VCC

C VCCr U1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 Vss Vdd VT Osc1 Osc2 DIN D11 D10 D9 D8 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 VT R3 33K DATAIN VCCr

GND DATA DATA VCC

Out

SW0

VCC 18

RST XTAL2 XTAL1 AT89S51

10uF C2

11.0592MHz X1 C4 33PF

RST

8K2

19 C3 33PF

P2.7/A15 P2.6/A14 P2.5/A13 P2.4/A12 P2.3/A11 P2.2/A10 P2.1/A9 P2.0/A8

HT-12D

VCC GND GND ANT

P1 5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1

RXD TXD VT TE

P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INTO P3.3/INT1 P3.4/TO P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD

EA/VPP ALE/PROG PSEN

RF 433.92MHz

10uF C1

16

U1 D1 TXD + 2 C5 VCC IN 7805 GND OUT RXD 12 9 1 C3 10uF 3 4 C4 SSF-LXH101 10uF 5 T1IN T2IN R1OUT R2OUT C+ MAX232 C1C2+ V6 C5 10uF

VCC

11 10

T1OUT T2OUT R2IN R1IN

14 7 8 13

100uF/16V

1 2 9V AC

1 2

4 -

DB106

R3 C6 D3 330E

470uF/25V

C2-

15

GND

SERIAL PORT

V+

Application
Easy to operate for patient or fit able person

Automobile and commercial applications

Inertial measurement systems Emerging military systems

Conclusion
Help the disabled benefit from advances in

computer and electronics technologies Speech input for operating a computer User-friendly features such as, LED indication Plugged into any IBM compatible personal computers running either Windows 98/Linux