1

7. Design of BJT, Op. Amp., IC Regulated

Power Supplies
7.1 Zener diode and Zener Regulator Design
7.2 Zener regulated Power Supply design
7.3 BJT regulated Power Supply design
7.4 Operational Amplifier Regulated Power Supplies
7.5 IC Regulator Design
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7.1 Zener diode and Zener regulator design
Zener diode Zener diode
V
Z
I
Z
V
Z
0 . 7 V
V
F
V
R
I
Z m i n
= 0 . 1 I
Z m a x
I
Z F
Z e n e r u s e d a s
r e g u l a r d i o d e
Z e n e r u s e d a s
r e v e r s e
b r e a k d o w n
v o l t a g e d i o d e
I
Z m a x
= P
Z
/ V
Z
I
Z R
Regulated power supply = output dc is constant (stable) at different loads or Regulated power supply = output dc is constant (stable) at different loads or
at varying ac supply conditions = battery source characteristics at varying ac supply conditions = battery source characteristics
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R
i
V
Z
I
Z
V V
Smin Smin
to to

V V
Smax Smax
Zener current will becomes less I Zener current will becomes less I
Zmin Zmin
at V at V
Smin Smin
and it will increase to I and it will increase to I
Zmax Zmax
at at
V V
Smax Smax

Whether input voltage is V Whether input voltage is V
Smin Smin
or V or V
Smax Smax
, the output voltage will be constant , the output voltage will be constant
at Zener breakdown voltage V at Zener breakdown voltage V
Z Z

Constant output voltage is the regulated output voltage and the circuit is Constant output voltage is the regulated output voltage and the circuit is
Zener regulator circuit. Zener regulator circuit.
Minimum Zener current I Minimum Zener current I
Zmin Zmin
should not less than 10% I should not less than 10% I
Zmax Zmax
to maintain to maintain
constant V constant V
Z Z
Maximum Zener current I Maximum Zener current I
Zmax Zmax
should not more than P should not more than P
Z Z
/V /V
Z Z
not not

to burn the to burn the
Zener diode Zener diode
Zener diode design conditions Zener diode design conditions
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R
L
R
i
V
Z
I
L m i n
t o I
L m a x
V
S m i n
t o V
S m a x
I
Z m i n
t o I
Z m a x
Zener regulator design equation
1. When the load draws more current (I 1. When the load draws more current (I
Lmax Lmax
), Zener current will becomes less (I ), Zener current will becomes less (I
Zmin Zmin
) )
and the supply voltage will becomes smaller (V and the supply voltage will becomes smaller (V
Smin Smin
) then: ) then:
2. When the load draws less current (I 2. When the load draws less current (I
Lmin Lmin
), Zener current will becomes more (I ), Zener current will becomes more (I
Zmax Zmax
) )
and the supply voltage will increase (V and the supply voltage will increase (V
Smax Smax
) then: ) then:
( )
min Z max L
Z min S
i i min Z max L Z min S
I I
V V
R or R I I V V
+

+
( )
max Z min L
Z max S
i i max Z min L Z max S
I I
V V
R or R I I V V
+

+
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( ) ( )
min S Z min S
Z max S max L min S Z min L
max Z
max Z min L
Z max S
max Z max L
Z min S
max Z min Z
max Z min L
Z max S
min Z max L
Z min S
i
V 1 . 0 V 9 . 0 V
V V I V V I
I
, simplified if or
I I
V V
I 1 . 0 I
V V
have We
I 1 . 0 I taking
I I
V V
I I
V V
R

+

3. Then equating the two equations, we have: 3. Then equating the two equations, we have:
Zener rating design equation Zener rating design equation
Z Z max Z
P V I Now
min Z max L
Z min S
i
max Z min L
Z max S
i
I I
V V
R or
I I
V V
R of Value
+

( )
( ) ( ) [ ]
Z min S Z max S
i
2
Z max S
Ri i
V V V V Because
R
V V
P R of rating Power >

Zener series resistor R Zener series resistor R
i i
rating design equation rating design equation
R
L
R
i
V
Z
I
L m i n
t o I
L m a x
V
S m i n
t o V
S m a x
I
Z m i n
t o I
Z m a x
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Summary of Design Equations
Zener Regulator
R
L
R
i
V
Z
I
L m i n
t o I
L m a x
V
S m i n
t o V
S m a x
I
Z m i n
t o I
Z m a x
( ) ( )
min S Z min S
Z max S max L min S Z min L
max Z
max Z min L
Z max S
max Z max L
Z min S
i
V . V . V
V V I V V I
I
OR
I I
V V
I . I
V V
R
1 0 9 0
1 0

+

Design I Design I
Zmax Zmax
Design R Design R
i i
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Draw the Zener regulator circuit Draw the Zener regulator circuit
The load current ranges from 100mA to 200mA and the input source voltage The load current ranges from 100mA to 200mA and the input source voltage
ranges from 14V to 20V. Regulated output voltage is 10V ranges from 14V to 20V. Regulated output voltage is 10V
Find the range of R Find the range of R
L L
Design the required power rating of the Zener P Design the required power rating of the Zener P
Z Z
Design the series resistor R Design the series resistor R
i i
and its power rating and its power rating
Design Example Design Example
R
L
R
i
V
Z
1 0 0 m A

t o 2 0 0 m A
1 4 V t o 2 0 V
0 . 1 I
Z m a x
t o I
Z m a x
mA 533
3
1600
I I 4 400 I 2000
I 100
10 20
I 1 . 0 200
10 14
I I
V V
I 1 . 0 I
V V
max Z max Z max Z
max Z max Z max Z min L
Z max S
max Z max L
Z min S
+ +
+

8 . 15
533 100
10 20
R of Value
i

+

( )
W 33 . 6
8 . 15
10 20
P R of rating Power
2
Ri i

W 33 . 5 mA 533 10 I V P Zener of rating Power
max Z Z Z

V 10 V V
Z O

100
mA 100
V 10
to
50
mA 200
V 10
R of Range
L

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7.2 Zener regulated Power Supply design
equation design new Capacitor
R Vf
V V
C
i p
Z max S

Zener regulated Power Supply design (full-wave) Zener regulated Power Supply design (full-wave)
R
L
R
i
V
Z
I
L
n:1+1
V
ac
f
S
V
S
V
S
C
V
SR
Zener regulated Power Supply (full-wave) Zener regulated Power Supply (full-wave)
Note that R Note that R
i i
is connected between V is connected between V
Smax Smax
and V and V
Z Z
, ,
V V
Zener regulator Zener regulator
Full-wave Rectifier with capacitor filter Full-wave Rectifier with capacitor filter
Because the Zener voltage is constant Because the Zener voltage is constant V will appears across R V will appears across R
i i
f f
P P
= 2f = 2f
S S
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Zener regulated Power Supply design (half-wave) Zener regulated Power Supply design (half-wave)
Zener regulated Power Supply design (bridge) Zener regulated Power Supply design (bridge)
n :1
V
S
C
V
ac
f
S
R
L
R
i
V
Z
I
L
Zener regulated Power Supply (bridge) Zener regulated Power Supply (bridge)
Zener regulator Zener regulator
Bridge Rectifier with capacitor filter Bridge Rectifier with capacitor filter
n:1
V
Smax
C
V
ac
f
S
R
L
R
i
V
Z
I
L
Zener regulated Power Supply (half-wave) Zener regulated Power Supply (half-wave)
Zener regulator Zener regulator Half-wave Rectifier with capacitor filter Half-wave Rectifier with capacitor filter
f f
P P
= f = f
S S
i p
Z max S
R Vf
V V
C

f f
P P
= 2f = 2f
S S
i p
Z max S
R Vf
V V
C

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7.3 BJT regulated Power Supply design
BJT regulated Power Supply design (full-wave) BJT regulated Power Supply design (full-wave)
n:1+1
V
ac
f
S
C
R
i
0.7
V
Z
P
Z

R
L
I
L
I
B
( ) ( )
max S Z min S
Z max S max L min S Z min L
max Z
max Z
min L
Z max S
max Z
max L
Z min S
max Z min Z
max Z
min L
Z max S
min Z
max L
Z min S
i
V 1 . 0 V 9 . 0 V
V V I V V I
1
I
, simplified if or
I
I
V V
I 1 . 0
I
V V
Then
I 1 . 0 I taking
I
I
V V
I
I
V V
R have We

+

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

In BJT regulated power supply, In BJT regulated power supply,

current I current I
L L
is divided by is divided by to get to get
Zener output current now shown Zener output current now shown
as I as I
B B
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Now the capacitor discharge resistance is not only R Now the capacitor discharge resistance is not only R
i i
//( V //( V
S S
/ I / I
L L
) at the BJT ) at the BJT
collector where (V collector where (V
S S
/I /I
L L
)<< R )<< R
i i
due to high collector current. Both V due to high collector current. Both V
S S
and I and I
L L
have (max) have (max)
and (min). and (min).
Designer should consider smallest R Designer should consider smallest R
EQ EQ
to satisfy the required V to satisfy the required V
S S
range. Therefore range. Therefore
V V
Smin Smin
/ I / I
Lmax Lmax
is taken as worst case R is taken as worst case R
EQ EQ
n:1+1
V
ac
f
S
C
R
i
0.7
V
Z
P
Z

R
L
I
L
I
B
R
EQ
=R
Worst case
I
L
Note that R Note that R
EQ EQ
is across the capacitor and V is across the capacitor and V
S S
. Therefore V . Therefore V
Smax Smax
is used to find C, is used to find C,
whereas R whereas R
i i
is across (V is across (V
Smax Smax
-V -V
Z Z
) which is used to find C due to R ) which is used to find C due to R
i i

max L
min S
EQ
EQ p
max S
I
V
R where
R Vf
V
C

i p
Z max S
R Vf
V V
C

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Summary of Design Equations
Regulated Power Supplies
Zener Regulated Power Supplies BJT Regulated Power Supplies
n:1+1
V
ac
f
S
C
R
i
0.7
V
Z
P
Z

R
L
I
L
I
B
R
EQ
=R
Worst case
I
L
n:1+1
V
ac
V
smax
C
V
V
smax
f
s
R
L
R
i
I
L
P
Z
V
Z
max L
min S
EQ
EQ p
max S
I
V
R where
R Vf
V
C

max Z
min L
Z max S
max Z
max L
Z min S
i
I
I
V V
I .
I
V V
R
+

,
_

,
_

1 0
Design I Design I
Zmax Zmax
Design R Design R
i i
i p
Z max S
R Vf
V V
C

max Z min L
Z max S
max Z max L
Z min S
i
I I
V V
I . I
V V
R
+

1 0
Design I Design I
Zmax Zmax
Design R Design R
i i
) wave half ( f ) wave full ( f f
s s p
2
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Draw and Design a full-wave Draw and Design a full-wave Zener regulated power supply Zener regulated power supply using a 8:1+1 center-tapped using a 8:1+1 center-tapped
transformer and an 8V, 1W Zener diode that will provide a constant 8V to a load varying from 200 to transformer and an 8V, 1W Zener diode that will provide a constant 8V to a load varying from 200 to
500 500 . The input to the transformer is 120V,60Hz.,and ignore transformer losses and the diode drop. . The input to the transformer is 120V,60Hz.,and ignore transformer losses and the diode drop.
Determine:(a Determine:(a) )I I
Zmax Zmax
and I and I
Zmin Zmin
(b (b) ) R R
i i
and V and V
Smin Smin
(c (c) )Size of capacitor needed (d) Percent regulation if Size of capacitor needed (d) Percent regulation if
R R
Z Z
=2 =2
R
L
R
i
2 0 0 -
5 0 0
I
L
8 V
1 W
8:1+1
120V
60Hz
15V
15V
C
V
SR
mA 5 . 12 125 1 . 0 I mA 125 8 / 1 I I V 8 W 1 ) a (
min Z max Z max Z

mA 16 500 / V 8 I & mA 40 200 / V 8 I ) b (
min L max L

6 . 93
125 16
8 2 15
I I
V V
R
max Z min L
Z max S
i

+

V 9 . 12 8 ) 125 1 . 0 40 6 . 93 ( V
I 1 . 0 I
V V
6 . 93 R
min S
max Z max L
Z min S
i
+ +
+

F 142
6 . 93 120 3 . 8
8 2 . 21
R Vf
V V
C
V 3 . 8 9 . 12 2 . 21 V V V ) c (
i p
Z max S
min S max S

( )
( )
% 81 . 2
8
2 0125 . 0 125 . 0
V
R I I
g Re % ) d (
Z
Z min Z max Z

Design Example Design Example
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Draw and Design a full-wave Draw and Design a full-wave BJT regulated power supply BJT regulated power supply using a 3:1 center-tapped using a 3:1 center-tapped
transformer and an 12V Zener diode .The load current varies from 400 to 500 transformer and an 12V Zener diode .The load current varies from 400 to 500m m . The input to the . The input to the
transformer is 120V,60Hz., Take transformer is 120V,60Hz., Take V = 30% and V = 30% and = 100. Determine: (a = 100. Determine: (a) ) I I
Zmax Zmax
(b (b) ) R R
i i
(c (c) ) Size of Size of
capacitor needed (d) Percent regulation if R capacitor needed (d) Percent regulation if R
Z Z
=2 =2
Design Example Design Example
3:1+1
120V
60Hz.
C
R
i
0.7
V
Z
=12V

R
L
I
L
I
B
V 8 . 19 28 . 28 3 . 0 28 . 28 V 28 . 28 2
2
1
3
120
V
min S max S

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
mA 15 . 8
28 . 28 1 . 0 12 9 . 0 8 . 19
12 28 . 28 500 8 . 19 12 400
100
1
V 1 . 0 V 9 . 0 V
V V I V V I 1
I
max S Z min S
Z max S max L min S Z min L
max Z

+


+

F 701
6 . 39 120 ) 8 . 19 28 . 28 (
28 . 28
R Vf
V
C 6 . 39
A 5 . 0
8 . 19
I
V
R
EQ p
max S
max L
min S
EQ

( )

k 34 . 1
15 . 8
100
400
12 28 . 28
I
I
V V
R
max Z
min L
Z max S
i

+

,
_

( )
( )
% 0012 . 0
12
2 mA 815 . 0 15 . 8
V
R I I
g Re % ) d (
Z
Z min Z max Z

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7.4 Operational Amplifier Regulated Power Supplies
+V
cc
-V
cc
Inverting
Input (-)
output
Non Inverting
Input (+)
+
-
i
i
= 0
i
i
= 0
v
+
= v
-
R
0
= 0
Properties of Op. Amp. Properties of Op. Amp.
(1) i (1) i
i i
= 0 (2) v = 0 (2) v
i i
= 0 = 0
(detail of Op. Amp. in Chapter 9) (detail of Op. Amp. in Chapter 9)
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+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (direct fixed output )
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
+V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
I
i
=0
I
i
=0
I
o
=25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
max Z Z
I % 50 I
Z L
V v v V +
(max) mA 25 I I
o L

+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (variable output with R
v
)
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
+V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
Ii=0
Ii=0
I
o
=25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
2
R
1
max Z Z
I % 50 I
(max) mA 25 I I
o L

Z
Z
v
I % 10
V
R
v
1
Z L
R
R
V v v V +
Variable R Variable R
1 1
(a) Small I (a) Small I
L L
less than 25mA less than 25mA
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5 . 190
021 . 0
12 16
I
V V
R
A 021 . 0
12
5 . 0
5 . 0
V
P
5 . 0 I
Z
Z cc
i
Z
Z
Z

+
480
mA 25
12
(max) I
V
(min) R
V v v V
L
L
L
L Z
Example: Draw a 0 to 12V regulated output voltage Op. Amp. power supply.
The load current is I
L
< 25mA P
Z
=0.5W and V
Z
=12V. Design the values of R
v
,
R
i
, R
L
(min) if supply V
CC
=16V.
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (variable output with R
v
)
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
+V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
Ii=0
Ii=0
I
o
=25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
2
R
1

k 5 714 . 5
021 . 0 1 . 0
12
I % 10
V
R
Z
Z
v
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El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
(b) Large I (b) Large I
L L
using BJT output using BJT output
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (BJT output )
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
I
i
=0
I
i
=0
25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
2
R
1
I
L
I
o
=I
L
/
max Z Z
I % 50 I
o L
I I
Z
Z
v
I % 10
V
R
v
1
Z L
R
R
V v v V +
Variable R Variable R
1 1
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EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
Example: Draw a 0 to 12V regulated output voltage Op. Amp. power supply.
The load current is I
L
= 100mA P
Z
=0.5W and V
Z
=12V. Design the values of
R
v
, R
i
, R
L
(min) and (min) if supply V
CC
=16V. Find actual I
o
if =50 for the
present BJT .
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (BJT output )
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
I
i
=0
I
i
=0
25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
2
R
1
I
L
I
o
=I
L
/

5 . 190
021 . 0
12 16
I
V V
R
A 021 . 0
12
5 . 0
5 . 0
V
P
5 . 0 I
Z
Z cc
i
Z
Z
Z
4
mA 25
mA 100
I
I
120
mA 100
12
(max) I
V
(min) R
V v v V
o
L
min
L
L
L
L Z


+

k 5 714 . 5
021 . 0 1 . 0
12
I % 10
V
R
Z
Z
v mA 2
50
mA 100
I
I Actual
L
o

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EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator
(Zener voltage multiplier BJT output )
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
4
I
i
=0
I
i
=0
25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
1
I
L
I
o
=I
L
/
R
3
3 R
3
4 3
L
V
R
R R
V

,
_

max Z Z
I % 50 I
o L
I / I
(c) Zener voltage multiplier BJT output (c) Zener voltage multiplier BJT output
Z
Z
v
I % 10
V
R
3 R
v
1
Z
V v v
R
R
V +
Variable R Variable R
1 1
L 3 R 4 R
I % 10 I I
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EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
Example: Draw a 0 to 12V regulated output voltage Op. Amp. power supply.
The load current is I
L
= 100mA P
Z
=0.5W and V
Z
=9V. Design the values of R
v
,
R
i
, R
L
(min) and (min) if supply V
CC
=16V. Find actual I
o
if =50 for the
present BJT .
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator
(Zener voltage multiplier BJT output )
R
i
+V
cc
-V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
4
Ii=0
Ii=0
25mA(max)
v+ = v-
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
1
I
L
I
o
=I
L
/
R
3

250
028 . 0
9 16
I
V V
R
A 028 . 0
9
5 . 0
5 . 0
V
P
5 . 0 I
Z
Z cc
i
Z
Z
Z
4
mA 25
mA 100
I
I
120
mA 100
12
(max) I
V
(min) R
o
L
min
L
L
L


) dard tan s ( k 5 214 . 3
028 . 0 1 . 0
9
I % 10
V
R
Z
Z
v

mA 2
50
mA 100
I
I Actual
L
o

k 9
mA 10
9
R R I V
mA 10 100 1 . 0 I % 10 I I
3 3 3 R 3 R
L 3 R 4 R

k 3
mA 10
9 12
R
4
22
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (current limit )
R
i
+V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
1
I
L
+
-
I
C1
R
E1
v
1
Z L
R
R
V v v V +
Variable R Variable R
1 1
max Z Z
I % 50 I
Z
Z
v
I % 10
V
R
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (current limit )
R
i
+V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
1
I
L
I
o
=(I
L
/
1
)+I
C2
+
-
I
C2
I
C1
V
BE2
R
E1
1
]
1

fA 10
I
ln mV 26 V
2 C
2 BE
1 C
2 BE
1 E
I
V
R
Limited current Limited current
I I
L L
=I =I
C1 C1
1
L
1 B
1 B o 2 C
(max) I
mA 25
(max) I mA 25
(max) I (max) I I

(d) Output current limited Op. Amp voltage regulator (d) Output current limited Op. Amp voltage regulator
I
o
= ( I
L
/
1
)
23
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
Example: Draw a 0 to 12V regulated output voltage Op. Amp. power supply.
The load current is limited to I
L
= 500mA P
Z
=0.5W and V
Z
=12V. Design the
values of R
v
, R
i
, R
E1
if supply V
CC
=16V. Find I
C2
(max) if
1
=100.
+
-
Op. Amp. regulator (current limit )
R
i
+V
cc
I
L
V
L
R
L
v+
v-
V
Z
I
Z
R
v
R
1
I
L
I
o
=(I
L
/
1
)+I
C2
+
-
I
C2
I
C1
V
BE2
R
E1

5 . 190
021 . 0
12 16
I
V V
R
A 021 . 0
12
5 . 0
5 . 0
V
P
5 . 0 I
Z
Z cc
i
Z
Z
Z

k 5 714 . 5
021 . 0 1 . 0
12
I % 10
V
R
Z
Z
v
) OK mA 20 draws it actually but mA 25 draw can It (
mA 20 5 25
100
500
(max) I (max) I I
I
I
o 2 C 2 C
1
L
o
+

mA 20
100
mA 500
mA 25
(max) I
mA 25 (max) I (max) I I
1
L
1 B o 2 C

1
1
]
1

1
]
1

47 . 1
mA 500
V 736 . 0
R V 736 . 0
10 10
10 20
ln mV 26
fA 10
mA 20
ln mV 26 V
1 E
15
3
2 BE
24
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
7.5.1 IC Regulator Design (Fixed Voltage )
n:1+1
V
ac
=220V
f=50Hz
V
max
V
max
C
1
I
dc
Fixed Fixed Positive Positive Voltage Regulator IC Voltage Regulator IC
C C
2 2
R R
L L
1 1
Voltage regulator IC Voltage regulator IC
2 2
3 3
7812 7812
V V
o o
=+12V =+12V +V +V
i i
Unregulated power supply Unregulated power supply

V
m
0
2
V
dc
Regulated power supply +12V Regulated power supply +12V
0 2
V
dc
IC Part Number Output Voltage Min input Voltage Max input Voltage
7805 +5V +7V +25V
7806 +6V +8V +25V
7808 +8V +10.5V +25V
7810 +10V +12.5V +28V
7812 +12V +14.5V +30V
7815 +15V +17.5V +30V
7818 +18V +21V +33V
7824 +24V +27V +38V
C C
1 1
is a ripple filter is a ripple filter
capacitor capacitor

(C (C
1 1
> 100 > 100 F) F)
C C
2 2
is a high frequency is a high frequency
filter (C filter (C
2 2
< 0.1 < 0.1 F) F)
25
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
n:1+1
V
ac
=220V
f=50Hz
V
max
V
max
C
1
I
dc
Fixed Fixed Negative Negative Voltage Regulator IC Voltage Regulator IC
C C
2 2
R R
L L
1 1
Voltage regulator IC Voltage regulator IC
2 2
3 3
7912 7912
V V
o o
=-12V =-12V -V -V
i i
Unregulated power supply Unregulated power supply

-V
m
0 2
-V
dc
Regulated power supply -12V Regulated power supply -12V
0
2
-V
dc
C C
1 1
is a ripple filter is a ripple filter
capacitor capacitor

(C (C
1 1
> 100 > 100 F) F)
C C
2 2
is a high frequency is a high frequency
filter (C filter (C
2 2
< 0.1 < 0.1 F) F)
IC Part Number Output Voltage Min input Voltage Max input Voltage
7905 -5V -7V -25
7906 -6V -8V -25
7908 -8V -10.5V -25
7910 -10V -12.5V -28
7912 -12V -14.5V -30
7915 -15V -17.5V -30
7918 -18V -21V -33
7924 -24V -27V -38
26
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
The IC regulator LM317 (LM318 for negative voltage) can be used to produce any The IC regulator LM317 (LM318 for negative voltage) can be used to produce any
regulated output voltage regulated output voltage between 1.2V to 37V between 1.2V to 37V. Typical IC values are: . Typical IC values are: V V
ref ref
= 1.25V = 1.25V
and I and I
adj adj
= 100 = 100 A. A.
Adjustable Voltage regulator IC Adjustable Voltage regulator IC
1.2V < V 1.2V < V
o o
< 37V < 37V
-V -V
i i
V V
IN IN
V V
OUT OUT
ADJ ADJ
LM317 LM317
R R
1 1
R R
2 2
I I
adj adj
= 100 = 100 A A
V V
ref ref
= 1.25V = 1.25V
( )
2 adj
1
2
ref 2
1
ref
ref 2 adj 1 R ref 2 R 1 R o
R I
R
R
1 V R
R
V
V R I I V V V V +

,
_

,
_

+ + + + +
2
1
2
o
R A 100
R
R
1 V 25 . 1 V +

,
_

+
n:1+1
V
ac
=220V
f=50Hz
V
max
V
max
C
1
I
dc
Current through R Current through R
1 1
and R and R
2 2
can be taken for the design as 100I can be taken for the design as 100I
adj adj
=10mA =10mA
Therefore R Therefore R
1 1
design will be R design will be R
1 1
= 1.25V/10mA = 0.125k = 1.25V/10mA = 0.125k =125 =125
7.5.2 IC Regulator Design (Adjustable voltage)
27
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
V V
OUT OUT
ADJ ADJ
LM317 LM317
R R
1 1
R R
2 2
I I
adj adj
= 100 = 100 A A
V V
ref ref
= 1.25V = 1.25V
I
R1
=10mA
2
1
2
o
R A 100
R
R
1 V 25 . 1 V +

,
_

+
Summary of Design Equations
IC Regulators
1 1
Fixed Voltage IC Fixed Voltage IC
2 2
3 3
7805 7805
V V
o o
=-5V =-5V -V -V
i i
2
V min V max
V
max s
+

min s max s
V V V
Min input Voltage Max input Voltage
-7V -25
EQ p
max S
R Vf
V
C

1
max L
min S
EQ
I
V
R
EQ p
max S
R Vf
V
C

1
max L
min S
EQ
I
V
R
I
Lmax
V
Smin
C C
1 1
I
Lmax
V
Smin
C C
1 1
Variable Voltage IC Variable Voltage IC
28
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
Example: Draw and design a -12V IC regulated bridge power supply using a MC7912
voltage regulator. Minimum and maximum rated voltages of the IC are -14.5V and -30V
respectively. Select the transformer turns ratio n , and the capacitor value using an
input of 115V at 60 Hz and an output current of 100mA to 500mA.
n 29 . 7
3 . 22
2 115
V 3 . 22
2
) 5 . 14 ( 30
2
V min V max
V
max s

+

V 8 . 7 ) 5 . 14 ( 3 . 22 V V V
min s max s

F 821
29 120 8 . 7
3 . 22
R Vf
V
C 29
A 5 . 0
5 . 14
I
V
R
EQ p
max S
max L
min S
EQ

a :1
V
S
C
V
ac
f
S
1 1
Voltage regulator IC Voltage regulator IC
2 2
3 3
7912 7912
V V
o o
=-12V =-12V -V -V
i i
29
EE3601-07
El ectroni cs Ci rcui t Desi gn
Example: Example:
Draw and deign the LM317 IC regulator circuit values of transformer turn ratio Draw and deign the LM317 IC regulator circuit values of transformer turn ratio
n, C n, C
1 1
, R , R
1 1
, and R , and R
2 2
if the maximum load current I if the maximum load current I
L L
is 100mA, and if a ripple of peak- is 100mA, and if a ripple of peak-
to-peak voltage of to-peak voltage of V=2V is present at the input of the regulator. The output V=2V is present at the input of the regulator. The output
voltage of the variable IC regulator is 14V dc. Take 220V ac supply at 50Hz. and voltage of the variable IC regulator is 14V dc. Take 220V ac supply at 50Hz. and
V V
smin smin
= 15V = 15V
V V
IN IN
V V
OUT OUT
ADJ ADJ
LM317 LM317
R R
1 1
R R
2 2
I I
adj adj
= 100 = 100 A A
V V
ref ref
= 1.25V = 1.25V
n:1+1
V
ac
=220V
f=50Hz
V
max
V
max
C
1
I
dc
n 3 . 18
17
2 220
V 17 2 15 V V V
min s max s
+ +
F 566
150 100 2
17
R Vf
V
C 150
A 1 . 0
15
I
V
R
EQ p
max S
1
max L
min S
EQ

( )

+ +
k 26 . 1
mA 1 . 10
25 . 1 14
R
R A 100 mA 10 V 25 . 1 V 14 V
2
2 o
Current through R
1
and R
2
can be taken for the design as 100I
adj
=10mA
Therefore R
1
design will be R
1
= 1.25V/10mA = 0.125k=125