04 Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks

Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)
Module 3.3
2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Describe the features and benefits of SAN.
Describe the physical and logical elements of SAN.

List common SAN topologies. Compare and contrast connectivity devices. Describe connectivity options of SAN. Describe the I/O flow in the SAN environment. List SAN management considerations. Describe applications of a SAN strategy.
2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 2
In this module
This module contains the following lessons: Fibre Channel SAN Overview.
The Components of a SAN.

FC SAN Connectivity. SAN Management. SAN Deployment Examples. Case Study and Applications of FC SAN.
Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 3
Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Overview

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Define a FC SAN.
Describe the features of FC SAN based storage.

Describe the benefits of an FC SAN based storage strategy.
Business Needs and Technology Challenges

Information when and where the business user needs it Integrate technology infrastructure with business processes Flexible, resilient architecture
What is a SAN?
Array
Dedicated storage network
Organized connections among:

Storage
Switches Server
Communication devices
Systems
Secure Robust
Servers Storage
Evolution of Fibre Channel SAN

HUB Switches
Servers
Switches
Storage
Servers
Storage
Servers
SAN Islands FC Arbitrated Loop
Interconnected SANs FC Switched Fabric
Arrays
Storage
Enterprise SANs FC Switched Fabric
Benefits of a SAN
High bandwidth
Fibre Channel
SCSI extension
Block I/O
Resource Consolidation
Centralized storage and management
Scalability
Up to 16 million devices
Secure Access
Isolation and filtering
Lesson Summary
Topics in this lesson included: Definition of a SAN
Features and Benefits of SANs
Lesson: The Components of a SAN

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the elements of a SAN.
Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Fiber Cabling
Fibre Channel Switch /Hub Storage Array Management System
Components of a Storage Area Network

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)
Fiber Cabling
HBA
Switches
SAN-attached Server SAN Arrays
Nodes, Ports, & Links

HBA
Tx Rx
Port 0
Link
Port 0 Port 1 Port 1
Port n Port n
Node
Host Bus Adapters

HBAs perform low-level interface functions automatically to minimize the impact on host processor performance
HBA
Switches
Arrays
Server
Connectivity
Single Mode Fiber
Switches
Multimode Fiber Host Storage
Connectors
Node Connectors:
SC Duplex Connectors
LC Duplex Connectors
Patch panel Connectors ST Simplex Connectors
Connectivity Devices
Basis for SAN communication
Hubs, Switches and Directors
Server
HBA
Switches
Arrays
Storage Resources
Storage Array
Provides storage consolidation and centralization
Features of an array
High Availability/Redundancy Performance Business Continuity Multiple host connect
Server
HBA
Switches
Arrays
SAN Management Software

A suite of tools used in a SAN to manage the interface between host and storage arrays. Provides integrated management of SAN environment. Web based GUI or CLI
Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included: The elements of a SAN:
Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Fiber Cabling
Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods and topologies Describe Fibre Channel devices Describe Fibre Channel communication protocols Describe Fibre Channel login procedures
Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity

Core networking principles applied to storage Servers are attached to 2 distinct networks
Back-end Front-end
IP network SAN switches directors
Users & Application Clients
Servers & Applications
Storage & Application Data

What is Fibre Channel?

SAN Transport Protocol
Integrated set of standards (ANSI) Encapsulates SCSI
A High Speed Serial Interface

Allows SCSI commands to be transferred over a storage network.
Standard allows for multiple protocols over a single interface.
Fibre Channel Ports

Servers
NL Port NL Port NL Port
Server HUB HUB
Node
Node
Storage
NL Port FL Port FL Port
NL Port Node
Server
N Port
E Port
F Port
Switch
F Port
Node
Switch
Switch
E Port N Port Node
F Port
F Port
Node
N Port
N Port
Node
Array
Array Storage
World Wide Names
Unique 64 bit identifier. Static to the port.

Used to physically identify a port or node within the SAN Similar to a NIC MAC address
Additionally, each node is assigned a unique port ID (address) within the SAN
Used to communicate between nodes within the SAN Similar in functionality to an IP address on a NIC
World Wide Names: Example
World Wide Name Array
5
0101
0
0000
0
0000
6
0110
0
0000
1
0001
6
0110
0
0000
0
0000
0
0000
6
0110
0
0000
0
0000
1
0001
B
1011
2
0010
Company ID 24 bits
Port
Model seed 32 bits
World Wide Name - HBA
0
Reserved 12 bits
Company OUI 24 bits
Company Specific 24 bits
Fibre Channel Logins
Fabric
N Port 1 Process a F Port F Port N Port 2
Process x
Process b
Process y
Process c
Process z
Fibre Channel Addressing

Fibre Channel addresses are used for transporting frames from source ports to destination ports. Address assignment methods vary with the associated topology (loop vs switch)
Loop self assigning Switch centralized authority
Certain addresses are reserved

FFFFFC is Name Server FFFFFE is Fabric Login
What is a Fabric?
Virtual space used by nodes to communicate with each other once they are joined.
Arrays
Servers
Component identifiers:
Domain ID Worldwide Name (WWN)
Fabric
Switches
Storage
Fibre Channel Topologies

Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)
Devices attached to a shared loop
Analogous to Token Ring

Clients
HUB
Storage
Switched Fabric (FC-SW)

All devices connected to a Fabric Switch Analogous to an IP switch
Arrays
Initiators have unique dedicated I/O paths to Targets
Clients
Switch
Switch versus Hub Comparison

Switches (FC-SW)
FC-SW architecture scalable to millions of connections.
Hubs (FC-AL)
FC-AL is limited to 127 connections (substantially fewer connections can be implemented for ideal system performance). Bandwidth per device diminishes with increased connectivity due to sharing of connections. Low cost connection.
Bandwidth per device stays constant with increased connectivity. Bandwidth is scalable due to dedicated connections.
Higher availability than hubs. Higher cost.
How an Arbitrated Loop Hub Works

Node A
NL_Port NL_Port #1 #1
Node D
Transmit
Hub_Pt Byp Byp Byp Byp Hub_Pt
Receive
HBA HBA
HBA
Receive
Transmit
Node B
Node C
Transmit
Byp Byp Byp Byp Hub_Pt Hub_Pt
Receive
HBA HBA
FA FA
Receive
Transmit
How a Switched Fabric Works

Node A
NL_Port N_Port #1 #1
HBA HBA
Node D
Transmit
Port Port
Receive
N_Port #2 NL_Port Storage HBA Port
#2
Receive
Transmit
Node B
NL_Port N_Port #4 #4
HBA HBA
Node C
Transmit Receive
N_Port #3 NL_Port Storage FA Port
#3
Receive
Port
Port
Transmit
Inter Switch Links (ISLs)

Multimode Fiber Switch 1Gb=500m 2Gb=300m
Switch
Single-mode Fiber Switch
up to10 km
Switch
Metro ring or point-to-point topologies with or without path protection
Switch
Router
Router
Switch
Topology: Mesh Fabric

Can be either partial or full mesh All switches are connected to each other
Host and Storage can be located anywhere in the fabric

Host and Storage can be localized to a single switch
Partial Mesh
Full Mesh
Full Mesh Benefits

Benefits
All storage/servers are a maximum of one ISL hop away. Hosts and storage may be located anywhere in the fabric. Multiple paths for data using the Fabric Shortest Path First (FSPF) algorithm. Fabric management made simpler.
Topology: Simple Core-Edge Fabric

Can be two or three tiers
Single Core Tier One or two Edge Tiers
Host Tier
In a two tier topology, storage is usually connected to the Core Benefits

High Availability Medium Scalability Medium to maximum Connectivity
Storage Tier
Core-Edge Benefits
Simplifies propagation of fabric data.
One ISL hop access to all storage in the fabric.
Efficient design based on node type.

Traffic management and predictability.
Easier calculation of ISL loading and traffic patterns.
Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included: The Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods and topologies Fibre Channel devices Fibre Channel communication protocols Fibre Channel login procedures
Lesson: SAN Management

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe SAN management functions
Infrastructure protection Provisioning
Capacity Management Performance Management
SAN Management Overview

Infrastructure protection Fabric Management
Storage Allocation
Capacity Tracking Performance Management
Infrastructure Security
Physical security
Locked data center
Corporate LAN Secure VPN or Firewall
Centralized server and storage infrastructure

Controlled administrator access
Servers
Control Station
Management LAN (Private)
Switch
Switch
In-band (FC) Storage Arrays

Out-band (IP)
Switch/Fabric Management Tools

Vendor supplied management software
Embedded within the switch Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Command Line Interface (CLI)
Functionality
Common functions
Performance monitoring Discovery Access Management (Zoning)
Different look and feel between vendors
Additional third party software add-ons

Enhanced functionality, such as automation
Fabric Management: Zoning

Servers
Arrays
Zoning Components
Zones Sets (Library)
Zone Set
Zones (Library)
Zone
Zone
Zone
Members (WWNs)
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Types of Zoning
Servers
WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DE:56
Domain ID = 21 Port = 1
Switches
Array
WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40
Domain ID = 25 Port = 3 WWN 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E
Examples:
WWN Zone 1 = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40; 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E Port Zone 1 = 21,1; 25,3 Mixed Zone 1 = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DE:56; Port 21/1
Single HBA Zoning

Optimally, one HBA per zone.
Nodes can only talk to Storage in the same zone
Storage Ports may be members of more than one zone. HBA ports are isolated from each other to avoid potential problems associated with the SCSI discovery process.
Also known as chatter
Decreases the impact of a changes in a Fabric by reducing the amount of nodes that must communicate.
Provisioning: LUN Masking

Restricts volume access to specific hosts and/or host clusters. Servers can only access the volumes that they are assigned. Access controlled in the storage and not in the fabric
Makes distributed administration secure
Tools to manage masking

GUI Command Line
Switch
Servers
Array
Capacity Management
Tracking and managing assets
Number of ports assigned Storage allocated
Utilization profile
Indicates resource utilization over time Allows for forecasting
SAN management software provides the tools

Inventory databases Report writers
Performance Management
What is it?
Capturing metrics and monitoring trends Proactively or Reactively responding Planning for future growth
Areas and functions

Host, Fabric and Storage Performance Building baselines for the environment
Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included:
Infrastructure protection Provisioning Capacity Management Performance Management
Lesson: SAN Deployment Examples

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe common SAN deployment considerations
Explain SAN deployment examples

Describe SAN Challenges
When Should a SAN be Used?

SANs are optimized for high bandwidth block level I/O Suited for the demands of real time applications
Databases: OLTP (online transaction processing) Video streaming
Any applications with high transaction rate and high data volatility
Stringent requirements on I/O latency and throughput
Used to consolidate heterogeneous storage environments

Physical consolidation Logical consolidation
Consolidation Example: DAS Challenge
Servers
Servers
Servers
Storage
Consolidation Example: SAN Solution

Servers Servers Servers Array
Switch
Connectivity Example: Challenge

Server Server
Array
Switches Server
Array
Server
Server
Connectivity Example: Solution

Server Server
Switches
Server
Server Array
Server
FC SAN Challenges
Infrastructure
New, separate networks are required.
Skill-sets
As a relatively new technology, FC SAN administrative skills need to be cultivated.
Cost
Large investments are required for effective implementation.
Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included: Common SAN deployment considerations.
SAN Implementation Scenarios

Consolidation Connectivity
SAN Challenges
Module Summary
Topics in this module included: The features and benefits of SAN.
The physical and logical elements of SAN.

The common SAN topologies. Comparison of SAN connectivity devices. The connectivity options of SAN. The I/O flow in the SAN environment. SAN management considerations. Applications of a SAN strategy.
Check Your Knowledge

Name three key features of a SAN implementation. What is a Switch?
Describe how a SAN can be connected?

What is one common SAN topology? What are two management considerations for a SAN environment? What is a Fabric?
What is a Core-Edge Fabric?
Apply Your Knowledge
Connectrix Family of
SAN Switches and Directors
Apply Your Knowledge

Upon completion of this topic, you will be able to: Describe EMCs product implementation of the Connectrix Family of SAN Switches and Directors.
The Connectrix Family

High-speed Fibre Channel connectivity1 to 10 gigabits per second Highly resilient switching technology, and options for IP storage networking. configure to adapt to any business need
MDS-9509 ED-10000M
ED-48000B
MDS-9506 AP-7420B ED-140M MP-2640M MP-1620M MDS-9140 DS-4100B MDS-9120 MDS-9216i/A
DS-4700M DS-220B DS-4400M
Switches versus Directors Connectrix Switches

High availability through redundant deployment Redundant fans and power supplies Departmental deployment or part of Data Center deployment Small to medium fabrics
Connectrix Directors
Redundant
everything provides optimal serviceability and highest availability Data center deployment
Multi-protocol possibilities
Maximum scalability Maximum performance Large fabrics Multi-protocol
Connectrix Switch - DS-220B

Provides eight, 12, or 16 ports
Auto-detecting 1, 2, and 4 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports Single, fixed power supply Field-replaceable optics Redundant cooling
Simplified setupno previous SAN experience needed

Eliminates the need for advanced skills to manage IP addressing or Zoning
Connectrix Director MDS 9509

Multi-transport switchFibre Channel, FICON, iSCSI, FCIP
16 to 224 Fibre Channel ports 456 Gigabit Ethernet ports for iSCSI or FCIP Non-blocking fabric 1 / 2 Gb/s auto-sensing ports
All components are fully redundant
MDS-9509
Connectrix Management Interfaces

MDS-Series Fabric Manager
M-Series Web Server
B-Series Web Tools
Module Summary
The Connectrix Family of Switches and Directors; Has three product sets:
Connectrix B-Series Connectrix MDS 9000 Series
Connectrix M-Series
Provides highly available access to storage. Connects a wide range of host and storage technologies.

04 Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks

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04 Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks

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Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)

Describe the physical and logical elements of SAN.

The Components of a SAN.

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 3

Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Overview

Describe the features of FC SAN based storage.

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 4

Business Needs and Technology Challenges

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 5

Dedicated storage network

Organized connections among:

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 6

Evolution of Fibre Channel SAN

SAN Islands FC Arbitrated Loop

Interconnected SANs FC Switched Fabric

Enterprise SANs FC Switched Fabric

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 7

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 8

Features and Benefits of SANs

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 9

Lesson: The Components of a SAN

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 10

Components of a Storage Area Network

SAN-attached Server SAN Arrays

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 11

Nodes, Ports, & Links

Port 0 Port 1 Port 1

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 12

Host Bus Adapters

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 13

Single Mode Fiber

Multimode Fiber Host Storage

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 14

Patch panel Connectors ST Simplex Connectors

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 15

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 16

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 17

SAN Management Software

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 18

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 19

Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 20

Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity

Users & Application Clients