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- Metabolic defect
- Membrane defect
- Hemoglobin defect
A) Metabolic defect:
- Defect in hexose monophosphate shunt: G-
6-PD deficiency.
- Heriditary elliptocytosis
- Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
C) Hemoglobin defect:
- Thalassemias
- Hemoglobin C disease
- Hemoglobin E disease
- Unstable hemoglobin
Laboratory Findings
• Chemistry
• Usually IgM
• Bind to red cell at 4c
Coombs Test
Antiglobulin Test
RBC
+
Red cell with Anti-immunoglobulin
bound antibody to
membrane antigen
Coombs Test
Antiglobulin Test
RBC RBC
Agglutination
Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemias
Hemolytic anaemias due to mechanisms or agents
other than antibodies +/or complement e.g.:
• Mechanical (traumatic)
• Toxins
• Infections
• Splenomegaly (hypersplenism)
• Burn (physical)
• Renal failure and liver failure
• Chemical
Mechanical (Traumatic)
This is due to(Fragmentation)
direct trauma (stress) to the RBCs
causing fragmentation of the RBCs & intra-
vascular hemolysis. The fragmented cells can be
seen on peripheral blood smears & are called
(schistocytes).
Due to:
1. Prosthetic valves
2. Patches
3. Valvular diseasse e.g., stenosis
Cont…
Mechanical (Traumatic)
(Fragmentation)
(cont…)
1. Microangiopathic: mechanical hemolysis due to
contact between the RBCs & the abnormal intema
of thrombosed, narrowed, necrotic small vessels or
fibrin strand formation.
Caused by many diseases e.g., DIC (disseminated
intravascular coagulation), malignant hypertension,
disseminated malignancies especially mucin
secreting adenocarcinomas, TTP (thrombocytopenic
purpura), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
THE END
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