Event and Its Probability

By: Dinda Savira (XI IA 5/ 06)

Definition
A. Trial - Each type of trial has some possible outcomes or events that will occur -Results from each experiment can not be predicted B. Sample Space
-is a set of all possible result from a trial which notated by S

C. Event
-Is a subset of sample space -Kinds of event : a. Simple event: only has 1 sample point b. Multiple event: has more than one sample point

Probability of an Event
A. Definition of Probability
- If an event of E can be hapenned in k ways, while all possible result from a trial can be obtained by m ways,then the probability of event E is : P(E) = k/m - If E is an event which is part of S, then probability of event E is defined as: P(E) = n(E)/n(S)

ket: n(E) = number of element in event E n(S) = number of sample point

 B. Expected Frequency
Expected frequency of event is a result of the multiplication between number of trials and the probability of the possible event will be hapenned in a trial Formula : Fh(E) = n x P(E)
ket : Fh(E) = expected frequency of event E n = number of trials P(E) = probability of an event E

Example Problem and Solution

1. Two dices are thrown together, determine the probability of the event that the sum of number showed in dice is 6! Answer: sum of number 6 : (1,5)(2,4)(3,3)(4,2)(5,1) n= 5 sample space= 36 P =5/36

 2. A dice was thrown 300 times. Determine

expected frequency of dice value less than 4! Answer : dice number which less than 4 = 1,2,3 n(<4)=3 Sample space=6 n = 300 times Fh(<4) = 300 x 3/6 =150

 3. A dice thrown 240 times. determine : a. Probability of the event that the number shown is 5! b Expected frequency of the event that the number shown is 5! Answer : a. n(5) =1 n(S) = 6 P(5) = 1/6 b. P(5) = 1/6 n = 240 Fh = n x P(E) = 240 x 1/6 =40

Exercises
1. In the trial of throwing two dices,the probability of the event that both showed the same prime number is a.1/12 c. 1/4 e. 1/8 b.1/6 d. 1/2

 Answer A Solution : same prime Number in dice : (2,2)(3,3)(5,5) 3 n(S) = 62 = 36 P(E) = 3/36 =1/12

2. Two dice are thrown together, determine the probability of the event that the sum of number showed in dice is 6! a. 1/6 c. 1/5 e.3/5 b. 5/18 d. 5/36

 Answer D Solution : number in dices totalling 8 : (2,6)(3,5)(4,4)(5,3)(6,2) n=5 n(S) = 62 = 36 P(E) = 5/36

3. In throwing two dices, determine the probability of the event that the sum of number showed in dice is multiple of 3! a. 5/12 c.7/36 e. 5/24 b. 1/3 d. 1/6

 Answer B Solution : dice number multiple of 3 = 3,6,9,12 totalling 3 = (1,2)(2,1) 2 totalling 6 = (1,5)(2,4)(3,3)(4,2)(5,1) 5 totalling 9 = (3,6)(4,5)(5,4)(6,3)4 totalling 12= (6,6) 1 n= 12 n(S) = 36 P(E) =12/36 = 1/3

4. A dice thrown once. Probability of the event that the number shown is 3 or 5? a.2/3 c.1/4 e.5/12 b.1/2 d.1/3

 Answer D Solution : Probability appears number of 3 : P(3) = 1/6 Probability appears number of 5 : P(5) = 1/6 P(3 U 5) = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6 = 1/3

5. Two coins are thrown together. probability of the event that both of coins shows picture is a.1/8 c.3/4 e. 1/6 b.1/4 d.1/2

 Answer B Solution : using pascal triangle 1 0 coin 1 1 1 coin 1 2 1 2 coins (GG) (GA) (AA) n (pict-pict) = 1 n(S)= 22 = 4 P(pict-pict) =

THANK YOU