AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

= express a relation in space between two or more entities or a relation in time between two events , or various other abstract relations Prepositions are usually simply devided into: A) prepositions of place B) prepositions of direction C) prepositions of time ( D) prepositions of position and movement)

1. Uluru is located ..central Australia. 2. The largest sandstone rock formation is also known Ayers Rockhonour.. Sir Henry Ayers, who was a Premier..South Australia ...1873. 3. Uluru is listed....a World Heritage Areaboth its natural and cultural values. 4. It is sacredthe Aboriginal people...the area. 5. .. different timesthe day, Uluru seems to change color. 6. The sandstone is infusedminerals that reflect the red lightsunrise and sunset.

1. Uluru is located in central Australia. 2. The largest sandstone rock formation is also known as Ayers Rock in honour of Sir Henry Ayers, who was a Premier of South Australia in 1873. 3. Uluru is listed as a World Heritage Area for both its natural and cultural values. 4. It is sacred to the Aboriginal people of the area. 5. At different times of the day, Uluru seems to change color. 6. The sandstone is infused with minerals that reflect the red light of sunrise and sunset.

THE POSITION OF PREPOSITION: - usually precede nouns, noun phrase, pronoun or gerund, but: A) in question beginning with a preposition + whom/ which/ what/ whose/ where
Who were you talking to? (informal) X To whom were you talking? (formal) - it used to be thought ungrammatical to END A SENTENCE WITH A PREPOSITIION but it is now regarded as fully acceptable.

B) in relative clauses, the relative pronoun is then often omitted: The old house (which) I was telling you about is empty. (informal) X The old house about which I was telling you is empty. (formal)

C) in some exlamations, What a mess he has got into! D) passive constructions Everything he said was laughed at. E) and infinitive clauses He is impossible to work with.

A) Place
= in, at, on, upon, by, beside, near, before, in front of, behind, beyond, over, under, beneath (vespod), below, amidst (uprosted), among, between, within, without, out, outside, around, round, etc. I. Position in place in relation to a point (a place or an event) We stood at the door and waited. II. ... a line (a place we think of in terms of lenght) There is a letter box across the road. III. ... a surface (a place we think of as a flat area) I stared at a fly on the wall. IV. ... area or volume (a place which can enclose) We all sat in the car.

B) Direction
= to, towards, into, along, through, across, on, by, before, over, round, under, out of, from

Jim has gone to school. Jim has gone from school.

C) Time
I. A point or period of time, these prepositional phrases answer to the question WHEN:

in, at, on, of, by, near, before, after, past, over, beoynd, between, within, during, for, through, etc.
I shall see him at 4 o'clock. II. The point of time at which the action starts or terminates: these prepositional phrases answer to the question SINCE WHEN? from, since, to, into, till, until etc. We slept until midnight.

D) Position and movement

I. Position in a place II. Movement (direction)

direction

position

Tom went TO the door ----------------> Tom was at the door.

Tom fell on(to) the floor ---------------> Tom was on the floor.

FORM AND STRESS OF PREPOSITIONS : - monosyllabic simple prepositions are normally unstressed.
There is someone at the door. polysyllabic prepositions are normally stressed. The stress falls on the word (adverb, noun, etc.) preceeding the final preposition.
-

be'hind the 'wall 'opposite the 'bank

1. Jack has been living .lodgings for over 6 months. 2. Why these questions? What are you getting., my friend? 3. I hope hes backtime for the ceremony. 4.Hes such a good speaker but now hes gropingwords. 5. Mr Bond instructed me to buy this car.. any price 6. Theres still room for improvement..your work. 7. It should be perfect. I went..the book. 8. Take no pityme. I only have myself to blame! 9. If I m sure?No, Im not sure. I have this..hearsay.

1. Jack has been living in lodgings for over 6 months. 2. Why these questions? What are you getting in, my friend? 3. I hope hes back for time for the ceremony. 4.Hes such a good speaker but now hes groping in words. 5. Mr Bond instructed me to buy this car by any price 6. Theres still room for improvement from your work. 7. It should be perfect. I went for the book. 8. Take no pity in me. I only have myself to blame! 9. If I m sure?No, Im not sure. I have this with hearsay.

= at the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition an end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause,the object of preposition. The object of the preposition will often have one or more modifiers to desribe it . PATTERNS FOR PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: ->preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause ->preposition + modifier(s) + noun, pronoun, gerund or clause

Exact time: Meal times: Other point of time: Festivals: Age: + word time:

at 10 o'clock at lunch time at dawn at Christmas at the age of 27 at this time

AT ALL - vbec AT FIRST zprvu, nejdve AT LEAST alespo AT THE MOMENT- prv te AT ONCE - najednou AT PEACE v mru AT THE SAME TIME - zrove

Days of the week: on Monday Parts of the Day: on Friday evening Dates: on June 1st Day + date: on Monday, June 1st Particular occasions: on that day Anniversaries: on your birthday Festivals: on Christmas Day ON DUTY ve slub ON HOLIDAY na dovolen ON THE PHONE u telefonu ON PURPOSE - schvln ON TIME - vas ON THE OTHER HAND oproti tomu, na druhou stranu ON YOUR OWN - sm ON THE WHOLE celkem vzato, vcelku

Parts of the day: Months: Years: Seasons: Centuries: Festivals: Periods of time:

in the evening in March in 1900 in winter in the 19th century in Easter week in that time

IN COMMON spolen, dohromady IN CONFIDENCE - dvrn IN GENERAL - obecn IN A HURRY ve spchu IN PUBLIC/IN PRIVATE na veejnosti/v soukrom IN TEARS - uplakan IN TIME - vas IN TROUBLE v nesnzch IN A WAY svm zpsobem

BY ACCIDENT neastnou nhodou BY ALL MEANS rozhodn, urit, samozejm BY CHANCE - nhodou BY HAND run, osobn BY HEART - nazpam BY MISTAKE - omylem BY NAME jmnem, podle jmna BY NIGHT pes noc BY POST - potou BY SIGHT od vidn BY SURPSISE - pekvapiv BY THE TIME ne, do doby ne