01 | -

Imagine that you are in a meeting. Your party and the

other party are sitting across a table. You ask a question
on a particular subject and the answer is unsatisfactory.
What would be the best response? It is none at all. So if
you are seeking more information or a different kind of
information, ask for it by remaining silent. When there
is a long pause in the conversation, people feel an
overwhelming need to fill it. If someone has finished
speaking and you do not play along by taking up your
end of the dialog, that person will automatically start
to elaborate. Eventually, they may say what you want
to hear.
(1) Vocabulary
01 | -
Imagine that you are in a meeting. Your party and the
other party are sitting across a table. You ask a question
on a particular subject and the answer is unsatisfactory.
What would be the best response? It is none at all. So if
you are seeking more information or a different kind of
information, ask for it by remaining silent. When there
is a long pause in the conversation, people feel an
overwhelming need to fill it. If someone has finished
speaking and you do not play along by taking up your
end of the dialog, that person will automatically start
to elaborate. Eventually, they may say what you want
to hear.
1. How can one get more satisfactory answer when
the other party's answers lack information that one
needs?
Option1) They can get more information by simply staying
silent since he would feel that he should fill the conversation.
Option1) They can get more information by simply staying
silent since he would feel that he should fill the conversation.
Option2) One can get the answer they want by remaining
silent.
Option2) One can get the answer they want by remaining
silent.
2. Do you also feel pressured to fill the conversation
when there is a long pause?
Option1) As the writer said, I feel nervous when the
conversation sounds disconnected. To fill the pause I end up
saying what I hadnd t planned.
Option1) As the writer said, I feel nervous when the
conversation sounds disconnected. To fill the pause I endup
saying what I hadndt planned.
Option2) I dondt think everyone will say what the other
people want to hear just because they feel the conversation is
flowing easily.
Option2) I dondt think everyone will say what the other
people want to hear just because they feel the conversation is
flowing easily.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
01 | -
Imagine that you are in a meeting. Your party and the
other party are sitting across a table. You ask a
question on a particular subject and the answer is
unsatisfactory. What would be the best response? It is
none at all. So if you are seeking more information or
a different kind of information, ask for it by remaining
silent. When there is a long pause in the conversation,
people feel an overwhelming need to fill it. If
someone has finished speaking and you do not play
along by taking up your end of the dialog, that person
will automatically start to elaborate. Eventually, they
may say what you want to hear.
(3) Reading
01 | -
1.You ask a question on a particular subject and the
answer is unsatisfactory.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S asks a question on N. S asks a question on N.

.

.
Jen: No, no just answer questions on what
it's like being a teenager. <Dawsonds
Creek>
01 | -
2. When there is a long pause in the conversation,
people feel an overwhelming need to fill it.
(4) Structure/Pattern
When there is N, S feels A need to V. When there is N, S feels A need to V.
u ,
.
u ,
.
When there is a problem with my boyfriend,
I feel a great deal of pressure to break up.
01 | -
3. If someone has finished speaking and you do not
play along by taking up your end of the dialog, that
person will automatically start to elaborate.
(4) Structure/Pattern
If S has PP and S does not V, S will automatically start to V. If S has PP and S does not V, S will automatically start to V.
u Facebook
u (beg)
, .
u Facebook
u (beg)
, .
If your ex-girlfriend has blocked you on
Facebook and you beg her to befriend you
again, that person will start to call you crazy.
01 | 01
Economic growth is necessary for the success of any type of
government. One of the main reasons the Soviet Union fell was
that people became frustrated with its poor economic
performance. Likewise, financial growth is important for
democratic governments. Unfortunately, democracies don't
always guarantee such growth. A quick look at recent East
Asian history shows that, in some cases, totalitarian
governmental and economic structures may be more efficient
in the short term. This may also be true in the long term,
considering China's example. Additionally, even though
equality is important to the success of a democracy, this value
isn't guaranteed either. Citizens may be able to select their
government representatives, but they aren't truly "free" in an
economic sense. The poor will always live worse off than their
wealthier counterparts.
(1) Vocabulary
Imagine that you are in a meeting. Your party and the
other party are sitting across a table. You ask a question
on a particular subject and the answer is unsatisfactory.
What would be the best response? It is none at all. So if
you are seeking more information or a different kind of
information, ask for it by remaining silent. When there
is a long pause in the conversation, people feel an
overwhelming need to fill it. If someone has finished
speaking and you do not play along by taking up your
end of the dialog, that person will automatically start
to elaborate. Eventually, they may say what you want
to hear.
1. What does the writer think caused the Soviet Union
to fall?
Option1) He/She thinks people frustrated with its poor
economic performance brought about the fall of the country.
Option1) He/She thinks people frustrated with its poor
economic performance brought about the fall of the country.
Option2) According to the writer, Soviet Union collapsed
because of its economy.
Option2) According to the writer, Soviet Union collapsed
because of its economy.
2. What are the three crucial qualities democratic
governments should hold?
Option1) Those are financial growth, equality and freedom Option1) Those are financial growth, equality and freedom
Option2) The writer says that financial growth, equality and
freedom are fundamental qualities of a democratic society, but
are not necessarily guaranteed.
Option2) The writer says that financial growth, equality and
freedom are fundamental qualities of a democratic society, but
are not necessarily guaranteed.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
01 | 01
Economic growth is necessary for the success of any type of
government. One of the main reasons the Soviet Union fell
was that people became frustrated with its poor economic
performance. Likewise, financial growth is important for
democratic governments. Unfortunately, democracies don't
always guarantee such growth. A quick look at recent East
Asian history shows that, in some cases, totalitarian
governmental and economic structures may be more
efficient in the short term. This may also be true in the long
term, considering China's example. Additionally, even though
equality is important to the success of a democracy, this
value isn't guaranteed either. Citizens may be able to select
their government representatives, but they aren't truly "free"
in an economic sense. The poor will always live worse off than
their wealthier counterparts.
(3) Reading
01 | 01
1. Economic growth is necessary for the success of
any type of government.
(4) Structure/Pattern
N is necessary for the success of any N. N is necessary for the success of any N.

.

.
Teamwork is necessary for the success of
any group/organization.
01 | 01
2. One of the main reasons the Soviet Union fell was
that people became frustrated with its poor economic
performance.
(4) Structure/Pattern
One of the reasons S+V is/was that S+V. One of the reasons S+V is/was that S+V.
Pororo
S \ .
Pororo
S \ .
One of the reasons Pororo became the
worlds beloved icon was that S+V.
01 | 01
3. Unfortunately, democracies don't always
guarantee such growth.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S doesn't always guarantee N. S doesn't always guarantee N.

.

.
Good design doesnt always guarantee
success.
01 | 01
4. This may also be true in the long term,
consideringChina's example.
(4) Structure/Pattern
This may be true, considering N/S+V. This may be true, considering N/S+V.
(calcium) \
(take in) , (
which)
.
(calcium) \
(take in) , (
which)
.
Hubby said I am not taking in enough
calcium, which may be true considering my
gender and age.
01 | 01
5. Citizens may be able to select their government
representatives, but they aren't truly "free" in an
economic sense.
(4) Structure/Pattern
This may be true, considering N/S+V. This may be true, considering N/S+V.
( (a drop of)
(diagnose)
.
( (a drop of)
(diagnose)
.
Smartphones may be able to diagnose
diseases from just a drop of blood or saliva
on screen.
01 | 01
01 | 02
When dealing with stress, the body may shut down digestion,
since converting food into energy is a relatively low-priority
process. Blood is then rerouted from the stomach to the heart
and other muscles until the stressful situation dissipates. When
on-and-off stress becomes habitual in someones life, he or she
is at risk of developing an ulcer. Under normal circumstances,
the stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus that protects
the stomach wall from the harsh hydrochloric acid that aids in
digestion. However, when frequent stress causes digestion to
be shut down over and over, the body may fall behind in mucus
production to coat the stomach. Consequently, unprotected
spots on the stomach lining are vulnerable to damage from
the acid, which may burn through the stomach wall to create a
painful ulcer.
* ulcer **mucus *** hydrochloric
(1) Vocabulary
01 | -
02
Imagine that you are in a meeting. Your party and the
other party are sitting across a table. You ask a question
on a particular subject and the answer is unsatisfactory.
What would be the best response? It is none at all. So if
you are seeking more information or a different kind of
information, ask for it by remaining silent. When there
is a long pause in the conversation, people feel an
overwhelming need to fill it. If someone has finished
speaking and you do not play along by taking up your
end of the dialog, that person will automatically start
to elaborate. Eventually, they may say what you want
to hear.
1. What does the writer say is of more significance to
the body than digestion?
Option1) Dealing with stress is more important than digestion. Option1) Dealing with stress is more important than digestion.
2. How does one develop an ulcer?
Option1) When the body undergoes frequent stress, the
stomach doesn't produce enough mucus to protect itself from
the hydrochloric acid. When the unprotected spots of the
stomach walls burn, the body will feel a painful ulcer.
Option1) When the body undergoes frequent stress, the
stomach doesn't produce enough mucus to protect itself from
the hydrochloric acid. When the unprotected spots of the
stomach walls burn, the body will feel a painful ulcer.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
When dealing with stress, the body may shut down digestion,
since converting food into energy is a relatively low-priority
process. Blood is then rerouted from the stomach to the heart
and other muscles until the stressful situation dissipates. When
on-and-off stress becomes habitual in someones life, he or she
is at risk of developing an ulcer. Under normal circumstances,
the stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus that protects
the stomach wall from the harsh hydrochloric acid that aids in
digestion. However, when frequent stress causes digestion to
be shut down over and over, the body may fall behind in mucus
production to coat the stomach. Consequently, unprotected
spots on the stomach lining are vulnerable to damage from the
acid, which may burn through the stomach wall to create a
painful ulcer.
* ulcer **mucus *** hydrochloric
(3) Reading
01 | -
02
01 | 03
A basketball is made out of a single spherical piece of
material. It's not held together by seams the way a baseball
is, yet you can clearly see that a series of seams run all the
way around the ball. Do these "false seams" simply serve as
decoration, or do they have a more practical function? As a
matter of fact, the seams are added to enable the player to
better grasp the large diameter of the ball. Without them,
the ball would be much more likely to slip froma player's
hand. According to manufacturing standards, basketballs
are made either with a narrow seam or a wide one. America's
National Basketball Association (NBA) uses narrow-seam
balls, while most amateurs prefer the wide seam. That's
because the wider the seam, the easier the ball is to handle.
* seam ,
(1) Vocabulary
01 | -
02
Imagine that you are in a meeting. Your party and the
other party are sitting across a table. You ask a question
on a particular subject and the answer is unsatisfactory.
What would be the best response? It is none at all. So if
you are seeking more information or a different kind of
information, ask for it by remaining silent. When there
is a long pause in the conversation, people feel an
overwhelming need to fill it. If someone has finished
speaking and you do not play along by taking up your
end of the dialog, that person will automatically start
to elaborate. Eventually, they may say what you want
to hear.
1. How do baseballs and basketballs differ? (use
conjunction "while")
While baseballs are held together by seams, the seams on
basketballs are fake ones.
While baseballs are held together by seams, the seams on
basketballs are fake ones.
2. What function do the seams of the basketball serve?
They serve a practical function of helping the players grip
them better.
They serve a practical function of helping the players grip
them better.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
A basketball is made out of a single spherical piece of
material. It's not held together by seams the way a
baseball is, yet you can clearly see that a series of seams
run all the way around the ball. Do these "false seams"
simply serve as decoration, or do they have a more
practical function? As a matter of fact, the seams are
added to enable the player to better grasp the large
diameter of the ball. Without them, the ball would be
much more likely to slip from a player's hand. According to
manufacturing standards, basketballs are made either
with a narrow seam or a wide one. America's National
Basketball Association (NBA) uses narrow-seam balls,
while most amateurs prefer the wide seam. That's because
the wider the seam, the easier the ball is to handle.
* seam ,
(3) Reading 01 | -
03
1. It's not held together by seams the way a baseball
is, yet you can clearly see that a series of seams run all
the way around the ball.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S is not PP by N the way N is, yet S+V. S is not PP by N the way N is, yet S+V.

,
. (challenging, inspiring)

,
. (challenging, inspiring)
The speaking class was not taught by native
teachers the way a normal conversation class is,
yet it was challenging and inspiring enough.
01 | -
03
2. Do these "false seams" simply serve as decoration,
or do they have a more practical function?
(4) Structure/Pattern
Does S serve as N, or does S + V? Does S serve as N, or does S + V?

? ?

? ?
Does this smartphone serve simply as a
phone, or does it have more features?
01 | -
03
3. Without them, the ball would be much more
likely to slip froma player's hand.
(4) Structure/Pattern
Without N, S would be much more likely to V. Without N, S would be much more likely to V.
T\ ,
.
T\ ,
.
Without TV, the smart kids would be much
more likely to go to college.
01 | -
03
4. According to manufacturing standards,
basketballs are made either with a narrow seam or a
wide one.
(4) Structure/Pattern
According to N, N is PP either Prep A or B. According to N, N is PP either Prep A or B.
,
(be taught) .
,
(be taught) .
According to the school handbook,
afterschool classes can be taught either in
the morning or afternoon.
01 | -
03
5. That's because the wider the seam, the easier the
ball is to handle.
(4) Structure/Pattern
That's because the ~er S, the ~er S is to V. That's because the ~er S, the ~er S is to V.
fantasy dream
,
.
fantasy dream
,
.
Thats because the sooner you awake from
your fantasy dream, the easier it is to get a
grip of whats really going on around you.
01 | -
03
01 | 04
The use of photo-editing software on pictures appearing in
fashion magazines is widespread. However, politicians in
France are taking issue with them, claiming that digitally
enhanced images of fashion models play a big role in the
negative body images and self-esteem problems of
adolescents. Many young people feel that such models
represent the physical standards that they're supposed to
live up to, and in striving to imitate an idea of beauty that
doesn't really exist, they can harm themselves severely.
That's why the French Parliament is debating a new
regulation that would require edited photos to carry a text
explanation, such as "Photograph retouched to modify the
physical appearance of a person." If the law passes, it may
encourage other governments to adopt similar measures, as
fashion magazines have a worldwide readership.
(1) Vocabulary
01 | -
04
1. What side effects of edited photographs shown in
fashion magazines do the French politicians insist
there are?
The retouched photographs can cause negative body images
and bring about self-esteem problems of adolescents.
The retouched photographs can cause negative body images
and bring about self-esteem problems of adolescents.
2. Do you think they should pass this regulation? Why
or why not?
Option 1) I dondt think a short note saying Photograph
retouched~ a person wouldmakemuch o a di erence.
Peoplewill still findthepeopleon thosephotos more
attractivewith or without thenote.
Option 1) I dondt think a short notesaying ePhotograph
retouched~ a personf wouldmakemuch ofa difference.
Peoplewill still findthepeopleon thosephotos more
attractivewith or without thenote.
Option 2) Iftheregulation passes andthemagazines start
putting thenoteunder thephotographs, peoplewill know they
dondt needto pursuetheperfect images shown in them.
Option 2) Iftheregulation passes andthemagazines start
putting thenoteunder thephotographs, peoplewill know they
dondt needto pursuetheperfect images shown in them.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
The use of photo-editing software on pictures appearing in
fashion magazines is widespread. However, politicians in
France are taking issue with them, claiming that digitally
enhanced images of fashion models play a big role in the
negative body images and self-esteem problems of
adolescents. Many young people feel that such models
represent the physical standards that they're supposed to
live up to, and in striving to imitate an idea of beauty that
doesn't really exist, they can harm themselves severely.
That's why the French Parliament is debating a new
regulation that would require edited photos to carry a text
explanation, such as "Photograph retouched to modify the
physical appearance of a person." If the law passes, it may
encourage other governments to adopt similar measures,
as fashion magazines have a worldwide readership.
(3) Reading 01 | -
04
1. The use of photo-editing software on pictures
appearing in fashion magazines is widespread.
(4) Structure/Pattern
The use of N on N + V ~. The use of N on N + V ~.

.

.
The use of pesticides on food crops can harm
our health.
01 | -
04
2. Many young people feel that such models
represent the physical standards that they're
supposed to live up to
(4) Structure/Pattern
N represents the N that S is supposed to live up to. N represents the N that S is supposed to live up to.
(emblem)
.
(emblem)
.
This school emblem represents the high
expectations and standards that we are
supposed to live up to.
01 | -
04
3. in striving to imitate an idea of beauty that
doesn't really exist, they can harm themselves
severely.
(4) Structure/Pattern
In striving to V, S can harm oneself. In striving to V, S can harm oneself.

.

.
In striving to pretend to be perfect in every
way, I had to work really hard.
01 | -
04
4. That's why the French Parliament is debating a
new regulation that would require edited photos to
carry a text explanation
(4) Structure/Pattern
That's why N is debating a new regulation that S+V. That's why N is debating a new regulation that S+V.


.


.
Thats why the India government is
debating a new regulation that would
ensure stringent punishment for
corporate fraud.
01 | -
04
5. If the law passes, it may encourage other
governments to adopt similar measures
(4) Structure/Pattern
If the law passes, it may encourage O to V. If the law passes, it may encourage O to V.
,
because
.
,
because
.
If the bill passes, it may reduce carbon
production in the air because there will be
less people polluting.
01 | -
04
01 | 05
After waking up with symptoms that included nausea, vomiting,
and a burning pain in her chest, Amanda called an ambulance and
was taken to the emergency room. There, hospital staff ran
numerous tests to determine what was causing Amandas
symptoms, but seven hours later they had still failed to make a
diagnosis. Finally, a cardiologist discovered the source of
Amandas symptoms she had suffered a heart attack. Trained to
recognize heart attacks based on the symptoms men experience,
the hospital staff misdiagnosed their patient, and because of the
delay in treatment, Amandas heart sustained permanent
damage. Unfortunately, Amandas experience is not unusual, as
doctors and nurses rarely learn to watch for symptoms exhibited
exclusively by female patients. There needs to be more
recognition among medical professionals of the fact that gender
must be taken into account when diagnosing and treating
patients. * cardiologist
(1) Vocabulary
01 | -
05
1. What were the symptoms that Amanda suffered?
Her symptoms included nausea, vomiting, and a burning pain
in her chest
Her symptoms included nausea, vomiting, and a burning pain
in her chest
2. Why did the doctors fail to make sure they have the
right diagnosis?
The doctors and nurses are usually trained to watch for
symptoms exhibited exclusively by male patients.
The doctors and nurses are usually trained to watch for
symptoms exhibited exclusively by male patients.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
After waking up with symptoms that included nausea, vomiting,
and a burning pain in her chest, Amanda called an ambulance
and was taken to the emergency room. There, hospital staff ran
numerous tests to determine what was causing Amandas
symptoms, but seven hours later they had still failed to make a
diagnosis. Finally, a cardiologist discovered the source of
Amandas symptoms she had suffered a heart attack. Trained
to recognize heart attacks based on the symptoms men
experience, the hospital staff misdiagnosed their patient, and
because of the delay in treatment, Amandas heart sustained
permanent damage. Unfortunately, Amandas experience is not
unusual, as doctors and nurses rarely learn to watch for
symptoms exhibited exclusively by female patients. There needs
to be more recognition among medical professionals of the fact
that gender must be taken into account when diagnosing and
treating patients. * cardiologist
(3) Reading 01 | -
05
1. There, hospital staff ran numerous tests to
determine what was causingAmandas symptoms
(4) Structure/Pattern
N ran A tests to determine ~. N ran A tests to determine ~.

.

.
He ran tests to determine if there was any heart
damage.
01 | -
05
2. Trained to recognize heart attacks based on the
symptoms men experience, the hospital staff
misdiagnosedtheir patient
(4) Structure/Pattern
PP to V based on N, S+V. PP to V based on N, S+V.

,
.

,
.
Taught to read based on the old curriculum,
the students had to read before one could
even speak the language.
01 | -
05
3. because of the delay in treatment, Amandas
heart sustained permanent damage.
(4) Structure/Pattern
Because of the delay in N, S+V. Because of the delay in N, S+V.
(diagnosis) ,

(permanent) . (resulting in)
(diagnosis) ,

(permanent) . (resulting in)
Because of the delay in the diagnosis, the
child's brain was not properly oxygenated
resulting in permanent brain damage.
01 | -
05
4. Unfortunately, Amandas experience is not
unusual, as doctors and nurses rarely learn to watch
for symptoms exhibited exclusively by female patients.
(4) Structure/Pattern
Unfortunately, S is not unusual, as S rarely V. Unfortunately, S is not unusual, as S rarely V.
(baby blues/postpartum syndrome)
(new moms)
,
.
(baby blues/postpartum syndrome)
(new moms)
,
.
Experiencing baby blues/postpartum
syndrome is not unusual for new moms, as
they rarely have time to spend for
themselves.
01 | -
05
5. There needs to be more recognition among
medical professionals of the fact that gender must be
taken into account when diagnosing and treating
patients.
(4) Structure/Pattern
There needs to be more recognition of the fact that S+V. There needs to be more recognition of the fact that S+V.


.


.
There needs to be more recognition of the
fact that one's weight whether it is high or
low is never the real issue.
01 | -
05
01 | 06
Not only does curry taste great, but one of its key ingredients
may hold the answer to curing a deadly form of cancer.
Curcumin is a chemical that makes up the spice turmeric,
which is the ingredient that imparts that distinctive yellow
hue to curry dishes. Medical researchers applied a treatment
of curcumin to esophageal cancer cells and found that the
cells died within 24 hours. Simply eating curry isn't enough to
receive the benefits, since curcumin tends to lose its power
once ingested. However, scientists may be able to
synthesize a new drug using the chemical that could
successfully treat cancer of the esophagus, which claims
more than half a million lives every year. This is great news,
since current survival rates from this type of cancer range
from just 12 to 31%.
*turmeric **esophageal , curcumin:
(1) Vocabulary
01 | -
06
1. What is curcumin and what role can it serve in
curing esophageal cancer?
Scientists may be able to synthesize a new drug using
curcumin that could successfully treat cancer of the esophagus.
Scientists may be able to synthesize a new drug using
curcumin that could successfully treat cancer of the esophagus.
2. Why can't the esophageal cancer victims receive the
health benefits by simply eating curry?
It is because curcumin tends to lose its power once ingested. It is because curcumin tends to lose its power once ingested.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
Not only does curry taste great, but one of its key
ingredients may hold the answer to curing a deadly form of
cancer. Curcumin is a chemical that makes up the spice
turmeric, which is the ingredient that imparts that
distinctive yellow hue to curry dishes. Medical researchers
applied a treatment of curcumin to esophageal cancer cells
and found that the cells died within 24 hours. Simply eating
curry isn't enough to receive the benefits, since curcumin
tends to lose its power once ingested. However, scientists
may be able to synthesize a new drug using the chemical
that could successfully treat cancer of the esophagus,
which claims more than half a million lives every year. This
is great news, since current survival rates from this type of
cancer range from just 12 to 31%.
*turmeric **esophageal , curcumin:
(3) Reading 01 | -
06
1. There, hospital staff ran numerous tests to
determine what was causingAmandas symptoms
(4) Structure/Pattern
N ran A tests to determine ~. N ran A tests to determine ~.

.

.
He ran tests to determine if there was any heart
damage.
01 | -
06
2. Trained to recognize heart attacks based on the
symptoms men experience, the hospital staff
misdiagnosedtheir patient
(4) Structure/Pattern
PP to V based on N, S+V. PP to V based on N, S+V.
(emblem)
.
(emblem)
.
Taught to read based on the old curriculum,
the students had to read before one could
even speak the language.
01 | -
06
3. because of the delay in treatment, Amandas
heart sustained permanent damage.
(4) Structure/Pattern
Because of the delay in N, S+V. Because of the delay in N, S+V.
(diagnosis) ,

(permanent) . (resulting in)
(diagnosis) ,

(permanent) . (resulting in)
Because of the delay in the diagnosis, the
child's brain was not properly oxygenated
resulting in permanent brain damage.
01 | -
06
4. Unfortunately, Amandas experience is not
unusual, as doctors and nurses rarely learn to watch
for symptoms exhibited exclusively by female patients.
(4) Structure/Pattern
Unfortunately, S is not unusual, as S rarely V. Unfortunately, S is not unusual, as S rarely V.
(baby blues/postpartum syndrome)
(new moms)
,
.
(baby blues/postpartum syndrome)
(new moms)
,
.
Experiencing baby blues is not unusual for
new moms, as they rarely have time to
spend for themselves.
01 | -
06
5. There needs to be more recognition among
medical professionals of the fact that gender must be
taken into account when diagnosing and treating
patients.
(4) Structure/Pattern
There needs to be more recognition of the fact that S+V. There needs to be more recognition of the fact that S+V.


.


.
There needs to be more recognition of the
fact that one's weight whether it is high or
low is never the real issue.
01 | -
06
02 |

The age of 3 is not without its charm. One of the more

amusing aspects of this age is the child's often vivid
imagination, expressed most strikingly in his enjoyment
of imaginary companions. Though some people have felt
that only the lonely play with imaginary playmates, our
research makes it very evident that it is often the highly
superior and imaginative child who invents these
creatures. They are very real to him, very important, and,
we can assure you, quite harmless. Even though it may be
annoying to have to lay a place at dinner or keep an extra
seat in the family automobile for his 'friend' who exists
only in your child's imagination, it is probably well
worthwhile.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | 01
Within the human body there is a division of labor: for
example, the heart circulates blood through our body, the
lungs distribute oxygen to the bloodstream, and our eyes
process visual information about the world around us.
With specific capabilities and functions, each part of the
body is dependent on all the others, and each contributes
to the functioning of the whole. In fact, it could be argued
that the organic unity of the human body is due to the
diversity of our individual parts. Imagine for a moment that
the human body is an allegory for humankind, and that all
of humanity is a single organism. It then follows that
diversity among individual humans is fundamental to the
unity of humanity. If everyone were alike, humanity would
be doomed to failure.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
01
1. Organs of human body have their own jobs. What
are some examples?
The heart circulates blood through our body, the lungs
distribute oxygen to the bloodstream, and our eyes process
visual information about the world around us.
The heart circulates blood through our body, the lungs
distribute oxygen to the bloodstream, and our eyes process
visual information about the world around us.
2. What does the last sentence mean? Please
paraphrase.
If there were no diversity among human beings, humanity
would be destined to fail.
Be doomed to +N = be destined to +\
If there were no diversity among human beings, humanity
would be destined to fail.
Be doomed to +N = be destined to +\
(2) Comprehension Check-up
Within the human body there is a division of labor: for
example, the heart circulates blood through our body, the
lungs distribute oxygen to the bloodstream, and our eyes
process visual information about the world around us. With
specific capabilities and functions, each part of the body is
dependent on all the others, and each contributes to the
functioning of the whole. In fact, it could be argued that the
organic unity of the human body is due to the diversity of
our individual parts. Imagine for a moment that the human
body is an allegory for humankind, and that all of humanity
is a single organism. It then follows that diversity among
individual humans is fundamental to the unity of humanity.
If everyone were alike, humanity would be doomed to
failure.
(3) Reading
02 | -
01
1. each part of the body is dependent on all the others,
and each contributes to the functioning of the whole
(4) Structure/Pattern
Each N is dependent on N, and each contributes to N. Each N is dependent on N, and each contributes to N.

.

.
Each student is dependent on another, and each
contributes to the success of the whole class.
02 | -
01
2. it could be argued that the organic unity of the
human body is due to the diversity of our individual
parts.
(4) Structure/Pattern
It could be argued that S+V. It could be argued that S+V.
(organization)
/(cohesive)
.
(organization)
/(cohesive)
.
It could be argued that in order to be
successful, modern organisations must
actively develop strong and cohesive work
groups.
02 | -
01
3. Imagine for a moment that the human body is an
allegory for humankind, and that all of humanity is a
single organism.
(4) Structure/Pattern
Imagine that S+V, and that S+V. Imagine that S+V, and that S+V.
,

.
,

.
Imagine for a moment that you are the
president of this country, and that you can
possibly solve all the problems your people
have.
02 | -
01
4. It then follows that diversity among individual
humans is fundamental to the unity of humanity.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S is fundamental to N. S is fundamental to N.

.

.
It is fundamental to our economic growth
and national security.
02 | -
01
To raise the temperature of a quantity of water one degree
demands four times as much heat as it takes to warm an
equivalent quantity of earth. This is why, when the rock-
strewn or sandy shoreline around a lake broils during the
summer heat, the lake itself remains cool and pleasant, even
though the amount of sunshine heating both the lake and the
earth is the same. Likewise, during the winter, the rocks and
sand give up their warmth long before the lake entirely
releases the vast reserves of heat it accumulated during the
summer months. Because of this phenomenon, regions
bordering large bodies of water typically experience milder
temperature fluctuations than inland expanses. The water
exerts a cooling influence during the summer and a warming
influence during the winter, so seasonal extremes are seldom
experienced.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
02
02 | -
02
1. How can the lake keep cool when the earth is hot?
That is because the earth takes less heat to raise the
temperature.
That is because the earth takes less heat to raise the
temperature.
2. How does this phenomenon affect the temperature
around the lake and the earth?
In summer, the lake and ocean can remain cool while the
shoreline is hot. In winter, it is vice versa.
In summer, the lake and ocean can remain cool while the
shoreline is hot. In winter, it is vice versa.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
To raise the temperature of a quantity of water one degree
demands four times as much heat as it takes to warm an
equivalent quantity of earth. This is why, when the rock-
strewn or sandy shoreline around a lake broils during the
summer heat, the lake itself remains cool and pleasant,
even though the amount of sunshine heating both the lake
and the earth is the same. Likewise, during the winter, the
rocks and sand give up their warmth long before the lake
entirely releases the vast reserves of heat it accumulated
during the summer months. Because of this phenomenon,
regions bordering large bodies of water typically
experience milder temperature fluctuations than inland
expanses. The water exerts a cooling influence during the
summer and a warming influence during the winter, so
seasonal extremes are seldom experienced.
(3) Reading
02 | -
02
1. To raise the temperature of a quantity of water one
degree demands four times as much heat as it takes to
warman equivalent quantity of earth.
(4) Structure/Pattern
V demands N times as many/much N as it takes to V. V demands N times as many/much N as it takes to V.

.

.
The students spent three times as much time on
playing computer games as they spent on reading.
01 | - 06 02 | -
02
2. The water exerts a cooling influence during the
summer and a warming influence during the winter, so
seasonal extremes are seldom experienced.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N. S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N.

.

.
He exerted all his authority to make them
accept the plan.
02 | -
02
2. The water exerts a cooling influence during the
summer and a warming influence during the winter, so
seasonal extremes are seldom experienced.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N. S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N.
(tides)
(force) .
* High tide : , , low tide : ,
(tides)
(force) .
* High tide : , , low tide : ,
The moon exerts a force on the earth that
causes the tides.
02 | -
02
2. The water exerts a cooling influence during the
summer and a warming influence during the winter, so
seasonal extremes are seldom experienced.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N. S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N.
Eshea
.
Eshea
.
Esheas parents exert enormous pressure on
her to date someone soon.
02 | - 03
Many people don't know how to react when someone pays
them a compliment, especially if they're uncomfortable
being at the center of attention. However, it isn't difficult
to respond gracefully to being complimented, no matter
how awkward it may make you feel. The most important
thing to remember is that you should always answer a
compliment with the words "thank you." Think of each
compliment you receive as a favor; it is rude not to thank
the person for their kindness. A reply such as "Thank you!
You're so nice to say that," also takes the attention off of
you and puts it on the complimenter. Even if you don't
believe or agree with what the person is saying, you must
accept the compliment graciously.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
03
02 | - 03
1. How do you usually respond to compliments?
Answers can vary.
I usually overreact saying eThank you so much. You havea
great taste!f
I think I just blush at compliments, or everything.
I simply nod saying eThat means a lot to me.f
I am a born Korean. I candt help saying eThatds
nonsense.f
Answers can vary.
I usually overreact saying eThank you so much. You havea
great taste!f
I think I just blush at compliments, or everything.
I simply nodsaying eThat means a lot to me.f
I am a born Korean. I candt help saying eThatds
nonsense.f
2. How can saying Thank you! Youre so nice to say
that take the attention off of the person being
complimented?
Saying that can turn thefocus of theconversation to the
person who just complimented. Thesubject of thesentenceis
theperson complimenting, andtherecipient is paying a
compliment by saying that person is nice.
Saying that can turn thefocus of theconversation to the
person who just complimented. Thesubject of thesentenceis
theperson complimenting, andtherecipient is paying a
compliment by saying that person is nice.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
Many people don't know how to react when someone pays
them a compliment, especially if they're uncomfortable
being at the center of attention. However, it isn't difficult
to respond gracefully to being complimented, no matter
how awkward it may make you feel. The most important
thing to remember is that you should always answer a
compliment with the words "thank you." Think of each
compliment you receive as a favor; it is rude not to thank
the person for their kindness. A reply such as "Thank you!
You're so nice to say that," also takes the attention off of
you and puts it on the complimenter. Even if you don't
believe or agree with what the person is saying, you must
accept the compliment graciously.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
03
1. Many people don't know how to react when someone pays
thema compliment, especially if they're uncomfortable being at
the center of attention. However, it isn't difficult to respond
gracefully to being complimented, no matter how awkward it
may make you feel.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S is/feels uncomfortable being ~ no matter how A/ADV... S is/feels uncomfortable being ~ no matter how A/ADV...
(conference), Julie
(be put on the
spot) /(no matter how~)
.
(conference), Julie
(be put on the
spot) /(no matter how~)
.
Last weekend, at the conference, Julie felt
uncomfortable being put on the spot no matter
how many compliments she received for her
work.
01 | - 06
02 | - 03
2. The most important thing to remember is that you
should always answer a compliment with the words
"thank you."
(4) Structure/Pattern
The most/superlative thing to V is that S+V. The most/superlative thing to V is that S+V.
2
.
2
.
The most important thing to do for a second
grade student is that they should set a goal.
02 | - 03
3. A reply such as "Thank you! You're so nice to say
that," also takes the attention off of you and puts it on
the complimenter.
(4) Structure/Pattern
take the attention off of N take the attention off of N
9 since
crazy "
.
9 since
crazy "
.
Make sure you wear a bright colored shirt
since it will take the attention off of your
crazy red hair.
02 | - 03
According to a new study carried out in Britain, people who
are physically active not only feel younger than those with
sedentary lifestyles, but are genetically younger as well. The
researchers studied the length of participants' telomeres, the
repeated segments of DNA at the ends of chromosomes,
which shorten over the course of our lives. They discovered
a relationship between physical activity and telomere length,
with the most active participants having telomeres the same
length as sedentary people ten years younger. This evidence
is a strong indication that physical activity helps keep the
body young. Further investigation is required, but the
message behind the researchers' work is an exciting one:
regular exercise may have an anti-aging effect on the body.
*telomere () ()
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
04
02 | - 04
1. What result did the new study show?
It showed that regular exercise may have an anti-aging effect
on the body.
It showed that regular exercise may have an anti-aging effect
on the body.
2. What is a telomere and what role does it play?
It is the repeated segments of DNA at the ends of
chromosomes.
It is the repeated segments of DNA at the ends of
chromosomes.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
According to a new study carried out in Britain, people who
are physically active not only feel younger than those with
sedentary lifestyles, but are genetically younger as well. The
researchers studied the length of participants' telomeres, the
repeated segments of DNA at the ends of chromosomes,
which shorten over the course of our lives. They discovered
a relationship between physical activity and telomere length,
with the most active participants having telomeres the same
length as sedentary people ten years younger. This evidence
is a strong indication that physical activity helps keep the
body young. Further investigation is required, but the
message behind the researchers' work is an exciting one:
regular exercise may have an anti-aging effect on the body.
*telomere () ()
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
04
1. people who are physically active not only feel younger than
those with sedentary lifestyles, but are genetically younger as
well.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S not only V comparative than those
with N, but V comparative as well.
S not only V comparative than those
with N, but V comparative as well.
\incent
(
).
\incent
(
).
\incent not only runs slower than a turtle, but
screams like a girl as well.
01 | - 06
02 | - 04
2. The most important thing to remember is that you
should always answer a compliment with the words
"thank you."
(4) Structure/Pattern
S is a strong indication that S+V. S is a strong indication that S+V.
. .
Blood is a strong indication that the injury is
getting worst.
02 | - 04
3. regular exercise may have an anti-aging effect on
the body
(4) Structure/Pattern
S may have an A effect on N. S may have an A effect on N.
Khoo (singing)
.
. (may)
Khoo (singing)
.
. (may)
Miss Khoos singing may have a similar
effect on animals. They may just drop dead.
02 | - 04
In a recent study, subjects were asked to write a series of
sentences using a computerized tablet. The tablet was
designed to measure a variety of handwriting properties,
including the size of the script, how hard the subject pressed
on the tablet with the pen, and the ratio between the time
the pen spent on the tablet and in the air. What researchers
found was that there was a noticeable difference in
handwriting between a subject writing a truthful sentence
and the same subject writing a deceptive sentence. Law
enforcement officials are already considering adding this
handwriting test to the verbal-based lie detection methods
they currently use in crime investigation. The handwriting
tool is less intrusive and could potentially be more accurate
than its oral counterpart.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
05
02 | - 05
1. What did the computerized tablet measure?
It measured a variety of handwriting properties, including the
size of the script, how hard the subject pressed on the tablet
with the pen, and the ratio between the time the pen spent on
the tablet and in the air.
It measured a variety of handwriting properties, including the
size of the script, how hard the subject pressed on the tablet
with the pen, and the ratio between the time the pen spent on
the tablet and in the air.
2. Why do the law enforcement officials consider this
device to be effective in detecting lies?
They think this device can help them point out the liars
because there is a noticeable difference in handwriting
between a subject writing a truthful sentence and the same
subject writing a deceptive sentence.
They think this device can help them point out the liars
because there is a noticeable difference in handwriting
between a subject writing a truthful sentence and the same
subject writing a deceptive sentence.
(2) Comprehension Check-up
In a recent study, subjects were asked to write a series of
sentences using a computerized tablet. The tablet was
designed to measure a variety of handwriting properties,
including the size of the script, how hard the subject pressed
on the tablet with the pen, and the ratio between the time
the pen spent on the tablet and in the air. What researchers
found was that there was a noticeable difference in
handwriting between a subject writing a truthful sentence
and the same subject writing a deceptive sentence. Law
enforcement officials are already considering adding this
handwriting test to the verbal-based lie detection methods
they currently use in crime investigation. The handwriting
tool is less intrusive and could potentially be more accurate
than its oral counterpart.
(1) Vocabulary
02 | -
05
1. In a recent study, subjects were asked to write a series of
sentences using a computerized tablet.
(4) Structure/Pattern
In a recent study, subjects/interviewees/participants
were asked to V
In a recent study, subjects/interviewees/participants
were asked to V
,
.
,
.
In a recent study, participants were asked to run
while trying to sing the national anthem.
01 | - 06
02 | - 05
2. What researchers found was that there was a
noticeable difference in handwriting between a subject
writing a truthful sentence and the same subject writing
a deceptive sentence
(4) Structure/Pattern
What S found was that S+V. What S found was that S+V.

.

.
What researchers found was that women
drove more carefully than men.
02 | - 05
3. Law enforcement officials are already considering
adding this handwriting test to the verbal-based lie
detection methods they currently use in crime
investigation.
(4) Structure/Pattern
S is considering adding A to B. S is considering adding A to B.

.

.
The teachers are considering giving more
tests to the students starting this semester.
02 | - 05