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MORPHOLOGY OF PERMANENT CANINES

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion Dent 202

The permanent canines


    Eruption sequence


Lower before upper

Function No type traits Class traits


   

The most stable Longest & thickest roots LL Single conical cusp Only cusped teeth without occlusal surface Support the arch and facial musculature Upper larger than lower Smaller IC / MD proportion in maxillary canine

Arch traits
 

The maxillary canine


 Labial aspects
 

Cusp tip is on a line bisecting the tooth MD Incisal outline has 2 sloping ridges
Mesial ridge sloping less markedly and shorter than distal MI angle is higher and more rounded than DI angle

     

Mesial HOC is close to the incisal margin Distal HOC is at the middle portion of the crown Mesial outline is slightly convex Distal outline is markedly convex CEJ is slightly convex incisally Labial surface
Labial ridge Slight depressions on either sides

Root is long & narrow

The maxillary canine


 Lingual aspect
  

  

Crown & root narrower lingually Well-elevated marginal ridges (arch trait) Accentuated lingual cingulum slightly concave at midpoint (arch trait) Pronounced lingual ridge (arch trait) ML & DL fossae A lingual pit and/or developmental grooves marking the inner boundaries of marginal ridges Cusp tip labial to a line bisecting the tooth LL Thick cervical third HOC is between cervical and middle thirds From HOC outline is straight toward cusp tip Lingual outline starts cervically convex then slightly concave then convex again HOC is close to cervical line Thick incisal ridge LL (arch trait) Root is wide with a slight longitudinal concavity and blunt apex

Mesial aspect
    

  

The maxillary canine


 Distal aspect


Deeper and longer longitudinal concavity on the root Asymmetry


Distal half is wider & has a concavity on the labial outline Mesial part of the labial outline is convex

 Incisal aspect


 

Prominent convexity of the cingulum 3 distinct lobes Double convex lens shape in LL section, widest near cervix Narrow in MD section

 Pulp


Maxillary Canine

The mandibular canine


  Narrower MD and LL (arch trait) Smaller MD/IC proportion (arch trait)

Labial surface
    

Cusp is not as long & pointed as in maxillary (arch trait) Mesial cusp ridge is high adjacent to cusp tip Distal cusp ridge is low Incisal outline = 1/4 to 1/5 IC height Mesial outline is straight while distal is convex
Both converge slightly toward the cervix

 

Mesial HOC is just below MI angle while DI angle is between incisal & middle thirds 3 lobes & 2 depressions on the labial surface Root is conical with blunted root
Mesial inclination from cervix to apex Crown appears tilted distally in relation to root long axis

The mandibular canine


 Lingual aspect


   

Marginal ridges, lingual ridge & cingulum are less prominent ML & DL are shallower Pits or grooves are rare Root narrower lingually than labially Distinct longitudinal depressions extends down proximal surfaces Cusp tip with long axis of the tooth Cervical third is narrower HOC is just above CL & entire labial outline is convex Root is narrower

 Mesial aspect
  

The mandibular canine


 Distal aspect


Similar to mesial M & D halves are more nearly symmetrical Lingual outline is less round Less bulky appearance of the incisal edge Vertical lobe grooves are less marked Similar to maxillary canine

 Incisal aspect
   

 Pulp


Canine relationship
 Class I  Class II  Class III

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