Presentation on Drinking Water Supply System and Sanitary Disposal system

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DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

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CODES AND STANDARDS

IS : 2065 Code of practice for water supply in buildings. Manual on Water Supply and Treatment - by Ministry of Urban Development

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METHODOLOGY OF EXECUTION
COLLECT POPULATION DATA

COLLECT DATA FOR TYPES OF CONSUMERS VIZ.

DOMESTIC, INDUSTRIAL, ETC. COLLECT WATER REQUIREMENT FOR HORTICULTURE FROM OWNER/AUTHORITIES INTERACT WITH OWNER FOR QUANTITY AND DURATION OF SUPPLY ETC. WORK OUT WATER DEMAND FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSUMERS
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WATER REQUIREMENT
Water Requirement shall be calculated on the following basis:

Plant Service Township

: 135 litres/capita/day : 450 litres/capita/day

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WATER SOURCE
The source of water for drinking water supply shall be carefully explored by considering various alternatives available. Following alternatives may be considered. a. Tube well b. Canal/river water c. Municipal water supply d. Plant raw/service water system e. Any other source available. The water available from various sources shall be tested for quality and necessary treatment facility shall be studied before arriving at the final decisions regarding selection of the source of supply. The water to be used for drinking shall be first treated, if required, to achieve the acceptable limits of water quality
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OVERHEAD STORAGE

The capacity of overhead storage reservoir shall be at least for 6 hour requirement. The overhead tank shall preferably have two independent compartments to facilitate maintenance and clearing. The staging height for the overhead storage shall be kept at least 20 metres. This shall be further reviewed to ensure a residual pressure of 0.5 kg/cm2 at the remotest tap or fixture inlet including the roof tank.

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WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The drinking water distribution system shall consist of underground piping network laid along the road side or other convenient locations. The line sizing shall be done using PIPENET software. Preferably be laid in closed loops and isolation valves shall be provided at junctions. The pipe shall be laid with a clear cover of 600mm. At road crossing a clear cover of 1200mm shall be ensured over the pipe. In case it is not possible to provide the required cover under the road, the pipe shall pass through a sleeve.
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WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The Drinking Water shall be chlorinated before distribution. The Specification for chlorination system shall be obtained from Environment Department.

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DW PUMPS

Drinking Water FEED PUMPS are provided to fill the OHT. The capacity of DW pumps is generally fixed that the OHT gets filled up in 2 hours time.

Pump head shall be calculated considering the Friction Loss, Static Loss and residual pressure requirement.

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MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

Pipes (up to 150mm N.B.) G. I. conforming to IS:1239, heavy grade (Class J2A). Valves -C. I. gate valves conforming to IS:780. -Gun metal valves conforming to IS:778

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REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

8-16-47-0027

Standard Guide for Drinking Water Supply System Design Manual for Drinking Water Supply System Standard P&ID for Drinking Water System

16-47-DM-0006

8-65-0069

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SANITARY WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

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INTRODUCTION

Sanitary waste from toilet facilities of plants and non-plant buildings are carried through closed conduits under the condition of gravity flow (under certain conditions: pressure flow). This waste is a mixture of water and waste products, known as sewage and the closed conduit is called sanitary sewer. The sewage is conveyed to the Waste Water Treatment Plant where it is given suitable treatment or to septic tanks/ soak pits or up-flow filter as per site conditions. Wastes like Acidic, caustics, hydrocarbons, rain water or other chemical waste shall not be discharge to the sanitary sewer. In case where it is not possible to provide sanitary sewer system due to undulation of ground profile, economic reasons or non availability of treatment plant, local treatment is given by providing septic tank and soak pit or up-flow filter.
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INTRODUCTION

A sewerage system consists of a network of sewer pipes laid in order to carry the sewage from individual buildings to the sewage treatment plant. This network of sewers consists of lateral sewers, branch sewers (or sub mains); main sewers etc. Manholes are provided at suitable intervals, so as to facilitate their cleaning and inspection. The sewers must be of adequate size so as to avoid their overflow and subsequent damages to properties and health. In order to provide economically adequate sized sewers, the likely sewage discharge shall be estimated correctly. The sewer pipes should then be designed to be laid on a slope that will permit reasonable velocity of flow. Thus flow velocity should neither be too large so as to require heavy excavations and high lift pumping, nor should be too small to cause the deposition of solids in the sewer pipes.

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Hydraulic Design of Sewers (Flow Under Gravity)

For flow under gravity (open channel flow) Mannings formula is used for calculating the velocity: V= (1/n) x R2/3 x s1/2 where R=A/P, V= Velocity in m/s, n= Mannings Coefficient, R= Hydraulic Radius in m, A= wetted area in m2, P= wetted perimeter in m, S= Slope in m/m .
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Estimation Of Design Sewage Discharge

Generally 90% of water supply may be expected to reach sewer system. The average daily consumption may be taken as 135 lit per capita for plant area. Average daily sewage discharge= Qs =0.9 X Av. daily water consumption =0.9 X N X 135 /1000 Cum/day Sewers shall be designed to a capacity of 3 times the average daily flow. Hence, Design Flow (Qd)=3x Avg. daily discharge
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Basic Parameters For Design Of Sewer

Velocity limits

Minimum velocity = 0.75 m/s at design peak flow Maximum velocity = 2.40 m/s at design peak flow,

Provision for ventilation at ultimate Peak Flow, Pipes running

Half full up to a diameter of 400mm of sewer 2/3 full for diameter more than 400 mm and upto 900 mm 3/4 full for diameter above 900 MM.

Minimum size of pipe For one Toilet block= 150 mm For two or more Toilet blocks= 250mm Mannings Coefficient

Salt glazed stone ware pipe Cement concrete pipe CI pipe Asbestos Cement pipe

0.012 0.013 0.012 0.011

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Manholes

Manholes shall be provided at start of sewer, junction of sewers, change of direction, change of gradient or invert level of sewer, change of size of sewers. Apart from above manholes shall be provided on straight runs at following spacing: Diameter of Pipe Manhole Spacing (straight Run) Dia 300 mm 30 m 300<dia 500 mm 45 m 500<dia 900 mm 60 m Drop Manhole shall be provided when the difference in elevation of the invert levels of the incoming and outgoing sewers of a manhole is more than 900mm.
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Material for sanitary sewers

From toilet block up to Inspection chamber - Heavy Cast Iron (IS:1729) Sewer Pipe from first Manhole - Conc. Pipe (IS:458) class P1 Pressure Pipe - Centrifugally Cast (Spun) Pipe (IS:1536).

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Pumps For Lifting Sewage

Introduction Sometimes sewage is required to be lifted from a lower level to higher level at certain place in sewerage system. Sewage may have to be lifted by pumps under the following circumstances:

When the laying of sewers at their designed gradients may involve deeper and deeper excavation in the forward direction of flow. In such circumstances, it may be economically not feasible to lay the pipe, It is advisable to lift the sewage and then to lay sewer at reasonable depth below the FGL. When the outfall sewer is lower than the level of the treatment plant, the sewage will have to be pumped up. Where water table is high, it is advisable not to lay the pipe in subsoil water. In hard rock areas, where the excavation for laying of sewer becomes difficult.
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SEPTIC TANK

Septic Tanks : Its Requirement And Operation Septic Tank are generally provided due to the following reasons:i) When disposal of sewage produced from isolated plants and non plants buildings cannot be economically connected to main sewers. ii) When ground profile of the plant area is a hindrance for flow under gravity. A septic tank may be defined as primary sedimentation tank (Horizontal continuous flow type) with a longer detention period ( 12 to 36 hours), and with extra provision for digestion of the settled sludge. The septic tank unit works on the principle of anaerobic decomposition. Due to anaerobic decomposition of settled sludge, foul gases will be evolved in the tank, and as such, a septic tank will be a completely covered tank, provided with high vent shaft for escape of gases. It removes about 60 to 70% of the dissolved matter from it. The effluent from such a tank will be sufficiently foul in nature, and will have to be disposed off to soak pit. The sludge settled at the bottom of tank, and the oils and greasy matter rising to the top surface of sewage as scum, are allowed to remain in the tank for a period of several months, during which they are decomposed by the anaerobic bacteria to form gases and liquids by the process called sludge digestion. The resultant sludge so obtained, will consequently be much less. The digested sludge from the tank is periodically (at an interval of 6 to 12 months) removed.

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SOAK PIT

A soak pit is a circular pit filled with brick bats, through which the effluent is allowed to be soaked or absorbed into the surrounding soil.

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FLOW ANAEROBIC FILTER

The up-flow filter can be successfully used for secondary treatment of septic tank effluent in areas where dense soil conditions, high water table and limited availability of land preclude soil absorption or the leaching system for effluent disposal. It is a submerged filter with stone media and the septic tank effluent is introduced from the bottom. The microbial growth is retained on the stone media making possible higher loading rates and efficient digestion. The capacity of the unit is 0.04 to 0.05m3 per capita or 1/3 or 1/2 the liquid capacity of the septic tank it serves. BOD removals of 70% can be expected. The effluent is clear and free from odour. This unit has several advantages viz. (a) high degree of stabilization; (b) little sludge production; (c) low capital and operating cost; and (d) low loss of head in the filter (10 to 15 cms) in normal operation. The up-flow anaerobic filter can either be a separate unit or constructed as an extended part of septic tanks.

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REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

8-16-47-0036

Standard Guide for SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM Design Manual for SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM

16-47-DM-0002

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