General charcteristic a. Hyphae sectional and in each cell is usually one core. b. Single-celled or multicellular. c.

Several types of Ascomycotina to symbiosis with green algae and blue algae to form lichens. d. Having a spore-forming tool called askus, which is a cell that is a bubble or tube formation askospora place. Askospora is the result of generative reproduction. e. The cell walls of the substance chitin. f. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Example: a. Sacharomyces cereviceae, for making bread. b. Penicillium chrysogenum, for the manufacture of penicillin.

c. Penicillium notatum, for the manufacture of penicillin.

d. Neurospora sitophilla, to manufacture oncom. e. Neurospora crassa, for genetic research, because of her sexual life cycle only brief ly.

Reproduction
2) multicellular (multicellular)

With conidia (konidiospora), for example, in Penicillium. Konidiospora, the spores produced by a chain totaled four points by the end of a hyphae, these hyphae called conidiophores.
b. Sexual 1) single-celled Conjugation between the two gametangia (eg two Sacharomyces cells, functioning as gametangia), producing diploid zygote (2n). Zygote enlarges into askus. 2) multicellular a) hyphae form the antheridium and askogonium (oogonia). b) Askogonium forming a bulge called trikogen link between askogonium and antheridium. c) The core-core and core askogonium pairs are split to form hyphae that contains one pair of core (core hyphae hyphae dikarion = two). d) hyphae dikarion then elongate and form a mycelium which will form fruit bodies.

e) Next the ends to form askus dikarion.

f) Two cell nucleus together, then held a meiotic division, forming a haploid askospora

Habitat Ascomycota are mostly saprophytes that live in soil and remains living organism. Some other ascomycota ae animal and human parasites. There are marine ascomycota where they are the main saprophytes. Yeast live in environments with-sugar content such as flower and fruits.it is estimated that around half of the 60,000 known species of ascomycota live in symbiosys with algae in the form of lichens.

General characteristic Zigomycotina have the following characteristics: a. Hyphae are not insulated and are koenositik (have a few core). b. Cell wall composed of chitin. c. Asexual and sexual reproduction. d. Hyphae serve to absorb food, called rhizoid. Example: Rhizopus stoloniferus

Reproduction

Reproduction Zygomycotina a. Asexual 1) The tip of sporangium hyphae to form bubbles that produce spores. 2) When the spores fall in a suitable place to grow into new hyphae. 3) branching hyphae form a mycelium. 4) The body consists of rhizoid fungal, sporangiofor with sporangiumnya, and stolon. 5) sporangium produce new spores. b. Sexual 1) Two different hyphal tip, ie hyphae and hyphae-+ touch. 2) The two ends of hyphae bubble forming gametangium contained many haploid nucleus. 3) Core haploid gametangium zigospora melt forming diploids. 4) Zigospora sprout grows into a sporangium. 5) In the sporangium occurs meiosis and produce haploid spores. Haploid spores come out, if it falls in the match will grow into hyphae.

Habitat Zygomycota mostly live as saproprhopytes on terrestrial regions, food, or remains of living

organism.
Some are also found living as parasites that cause diseases in humans and plants. Other live in a mutualistic symbyosis a lichens or mycorriza

General characteristic

Basidiomycotina characteristics are: Cell wall composed of chitin substance Multicellular Insulated hyphae, hyphae differentiated primary (single core) and secondary (second core) Haploid nucleus contains Diploid offspring has a shorter Forming fruit bodies called basidiokarp Vegetative reproduction forming konidiaspora dg Dg produce generative reproduction basidiospora

Reproductions Asexual: by forming conidiospores Sexual Different hyphae (+ and -) of haploid nucleic grow out of basiodiospores. Both hyphae touch each other Plasmogamy occurs between the two hyphae. A nucleus moves to join the other in one hyphae and form a dikaryotic hypha The haploid hypha with two nucleic grows into a new haploid dycarotic mycellium Mycellium grows and develop fruiting bodies, basidiocarp.

Habitat Basidiomycota mostly live as saprophytes on the remains of living things such as manure on the soil, straw, or dead tree bark. Parasitic ones live on host such as plants and animals. Others form symbiotic relationship with the roots of complex plants as mycorriza

General characteristic
Deutromycetes is no a group real fungi. Every fungus that has been identified but its method of reproduction is not yet known is classified in this group. Deutromycetes are also called imperfect fungi.
Once the mehod of the reproduction becomes known, the particular fungus is reclassified into one of the diisions, zygomycota,ascomycota, or basidiomycota. The change of grouping will change the species name of the fungus. For instance, oncom fungus had been grouped in deutromycetes before. After its method of reproduction had been known, its name monilia sitopila was changed into neurospora crassa in the division of ascomycota. It reproduces sexually by forming ascospores. Some members of deuteromycetes thta have been repalced include those from the genus aspergillus, candida, and penecilium.mycologist changed aspergillus to eurotium, candida to pichia, and penicillium to talaromyces