COMBUSTION

BATCH-3 M.AHILESH-10A201 A.G.KIRAN PRAKASH-10A219 R.NIRMAL-10A228 V.SAI PRASANTH-10A242 S.UDHAYA KUMAR-10A255 S.KALAISELVAN-11A436
Dept of Automobile Engineering 1

COMBUSTION
Combustion refers to the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat, or heat and light. The objective of good combustion is to release all of the heat in the fuel

COMBUSTION CHAMBER
The combustion chamber consists of an upper and lower half. Upper half- Made up of cylinder head and cylinder wall. Lower half- Made up of piston head (Crown) and piston rings.

Dept of Automobile Engineering

Three ts of combustion
Temperature high enough to ignite and maintain ignition of the fuel Turbulence or intimate mixing of the fuel and oxygen

Time, sufficient for complete combustion.

Dept of Automobile Engineering

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Minimal flame travel The exhaust valve and spark plug should be close together Sufficient turbulence A fast combustion, low variability High volumetric efficiency at WOT Minimum heat loss to combustion walls

Low fuel octane requirement

Dept of Automobile Engineering

Combustion in C.I. engine

It is divided into four stages
Delay Period(Pre-flame combustion)

Uncontrolled combustion
Controlled combustion After burning

Dept of Automobile Engineering

Delay period
The time required to start the actual combustion after starting the fuel injection is known as Delay period The first ignition (flame) generally occurs in the region of chemically correct air-fuel mixture because it requires minimum reaction time. Once the ignition takes place, the flame formed propagates through the mixture of air and vaporized fuel and ignites the adjacent part of charge It may initiate the auto-ignition in the part of air-fuel mixture away from the flame front by transferring the heat by radiation.

Dept of Automobile Engineering

Period of uncontrolled combustion

A considerable amount of fuel is accumulated in the combustion chamber during the delay period. This accumulated fuel burns very rapidly causing a steep rise in the cylinder pressure. This phase of combustion causing rapid pressure rise in the cylinder is known as Period of uncontrolled combustion

Dept of Automobile Engineering

PERIOD OF CONTROLLED COMBUSTION

The fuel injected after the process of uncontrolled combustion burns at the same rate at which it is injected because, the vaporization of fuel, mixing with the air and burning takes place at almost instantaneously as the fuel leaves the nozzle. This is because , the temperature and pressure inside the cylinder are sufficiently high and sufficient turbulence is created due to previous burning, thus the delay period for the fuel injected after the process of uncontrolled combustion is almost zero. This period of combustion is known as Controlled combustion.

Dept of Automobile Engineering

AFTER BURNING
The decomposed fuel molecules contain enough number of hydrocarbons and carbon particles which have lower reaction rate. Some carbon and hydrocarbons, decomposed from fuel are left in the combustion products because the rate of decomposition during uncontrolled and controlled combustion

These unburned hydrocarbons and carbon generally burn after stopping the fuel injection or during the expansion stroke. This process of combustion of decomposed carbon atoms is known as After Burning.

Dept of Automobile Engineering

DETONATION
If the rate of fuel supply is very large than the rate of fuel burned then the accumulated fuel in the combustion chamber is considerably large and the burning of fuel in some pocket suddenly starts as a bomb and a very high pressure wave is generated and pressurizes the other mixture to that pressure and temperature which is much higher than the self ignition temperature and that part of mixture also suddenly ignites creating another pressure wave and this is continued till all the fuel in the combustion chamber burns. This creates highly pulsating combustion known as Detonation.
Dept of Automobile Engineering 10

EFFECTS OF DETONATION
Inefficient combustion Loss of power Local overheating Mechanical engine- failure

Dept of Automobile Engineering

11

PREVENTION OF DETONATION
Anti-knock agents Cooling of the charge Reducing the time factor

Dept of Automobile Engineering

12

CONSIDERATIONS THAT AFFECT DESIGN

SWIRL-rotational flow of charge within the cylinder about it axis SWIRL RATIO=(air rotational speed/crankshaft rotational speed) SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO the combustion chamber with minimum surface to volume ratio will be efficient
Dept of Automobile Engineering 13

THANK YOU
Dept of Automobile Engineering 14