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.5% to 1% Low incidence rate also 1 per 10,000 per year, but very debilitating disorder Onset from adolescence to age 45 Men have earlier onset (18-25) than women (25-35)
SCHIZOPHRENIA Description
Usually it is the family who seeks treatment Frequent cause of psychiatric hospitalization (50% in psych hospitals) High rates of rehospitalization
Severe impairment of social, occupation, educational functioning, resulting in poverty, poor housing, discrimination
SCHIZOPHRENIA Description Positive symptoms Delusions false beliefs that have no basis in reality; persecutory, religious, grandiose, reference, somatic Hallucinations - false perceptions in the absence of any relevant sensory stimulus; auditory are most common; lack of control over hallucinations is key feature
SCHIZOPHRENIA Description Positive symptoms Disorganized speech thought-content and thought-form symptomatology; derailment, neologisms, word salad, excessive concreteness Grossly disorganized behaviour can be manifested in a variety of ways
SCHIZOPHRENIA Description Positive symptoms Catanonia stuporous, rigidity, negativism, posturing, waxy flexibility; echopraxia and echolalia; excitement
SCHIZOPHRENIA Description Negative symptoms Reflect an erosion or loss of normal functions, patterns of experience and conduct Symptoms include: impoverishment of emotional expression, reactivity, and subjective experience (emotional blunting)
Other symptoms include: thought blocking, avolition, anhedonia, asociality, attention deficits
Schizoaffective disorder
Delusional disorder Brief psychotic disorder Shared psychotic disorder Psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition Substance-induced psychotic disorder Psychotic disorder not otherwise specificed
SCHIZOPHRENIA Diagnostic issues - Subtypes Paranoid 35-40% Disorganized 10% Catatonic 10% Undifferentiated 20% Residual 20%
SCHIZOPHRENIA Etiology Vulnerabilities Developmental influences studies of high-risk children Genetics according to your text 45% concordance for MZ twins, 10-15% for DZ; Torrey et al. (1994) review of 8 twin studies 28% for MZ, 6% for DZ
Personality factors
Individual therapy, family therapy and psychoeducation, group therapy by professionals inpatient and outpatient