World Maritime University

VESSELS TYPES, DESIGN AND OPERATIONS (1)

WINDOW EXPLORER: R:/Staff info for students/RP/ GSK 1

Introduction

Lectures provide introduction to:

Nautical terms and terminology Industry nomenclature Name of different parts and sections of ships Basic constructional features of different type of ships Technical aspect of construction: dimensions, stress on ships structure, stability etc. Operational aspects navigation and cargo handling

Table of contents
Abbreviations Shipbuilding and Nautical terms Machinery and equipment Different types of ships

Ships geometry and terminology

Introduction
Mankind always had..

Something to do on water
(fishing, fighting water borne enemy etc.)

Something to do on the other side

(hunting, farming, finding better place to live etc.)

To carry heavy things by floating them on water

(building material, food, metals etc.)

History and archaeology of the ship

2700 B.C. First vessels up to 50 meters long (sailed in the River Nile.) Three major categories of early age crafts:

1) Raft Boat
2) Dugout

3) Hide boat 400 B.C.

Tree major categories of early age crafts

Efficiency of transportation
DWT Tanker
Bulk carrier

V kts. 13
14

HP 18000
12000

DWT*V/HP 144
70

200000
60000

General cargo
Cargo train Road truck Cargo plane

20000

20

22000

18
5to 10 2to3 0.1to1

ton.mile Per unit of power Or fuel consumption

Classification of ships
1. Their mode of support on water a) Hydrostatic support displacement i.e. force of buoyancy b) hydrodynamic support buoyancy as well as other forces c) Aerostatic support on water surface by air

Classification of ships

Classification of ships

SWATH Catamaran

Classification of ships

Type 1: Surface Effect Type

Type 2 : Amphibious

Classification of ships

Hovercraft

Classification of ships
2) Their mission or purpose a) ships which carry persons or things b) ships which keep sea lanes open c) specialized ships

TYPES OF SHIPS

SHIPS THAT CARRY PERSONS OR THINGS

SHIPS THAT KEEP SEA LANES OPEN

SPECIALISED SHIPS

ICEBREAKERS

DREDGERS

TUGS

SURVEY SHIPS

FACTORY SHIPS

WHALE SHIPS

TRAWLERS

SCIENTIFIC SURVEY

WEATHER SHIPS

CABLE LAYING

RESCUE SHIPS

OFF SHORE UNITS

SUPPLY VESSELS

JACK UP RIGS

DRILLING SHIPS

SEMI SUB. DRILL. UNITS

F. P. S . Os

PIPE LAYING SHIPS

DIVING SUPPORT

ANCHOR HANDLING

SHIPS WHICH CARRY PERSONS OR THINGS

PASSENGER SHIPS

GENERAL CARGO SHIPS

BULK CARGO SHIPS

CRUISE SHIPS
BREAK BULK SPECIAL TRADE SHIPS CONVENTIONAL HEAVY LIFTERS UNIT LOAD

RO-RO FERRIES

HIGH SEED FERRIES UNITISED CATAMARAN

REFRIGERATED

PALLETISED

HYDROFOIL

BARGE CARRYING SHIPS

CONTAINER SHIPS

HOVERCRAFT

LASH

FLASH

SEABEES

BACAT

BARGE -TUG SYSTEM

COMBI

FEEDER

CELLULAR

BULK CARGO SHIPS

LIQUID BULK CARGOES

COMBINATION CARRIERS

DRY BULK CARGOES

CRUDE OIL VLCC ULCC

ORE / OIL CARRIERS

ORE/BULK/OIL

PRODUCT CARRIERS COLLIERS CHEMICALS BULK CARRIERS

LUMBER CARRIERS

CHIP CARRIERS

CATTLE CARRIERS

CAR CARRIERS

LPG

CEMENT CARRIERS

OTHERS

GEAR LESS

GEARED

SELF DISCHARGING BULK CARRIER

Ship building /construction terms

Ship building /construction terms

F.P. A.P.

AMIDSHIPS

Ship building /construction terms

AFTAFTER AFTER BODY FORDFORWARD FORWARD BODY

FORD-AFT OR LONGITUDINAL

PORT-STBD OR TRANSVERSE OR ATHWART-SHIP

CENTRE LINE

General Cargo ships

Development of
Hull configurations

Ship building /construction terms

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

STEM FORECASTLE CHAIN LOCKER FORE PEAK TANK FORE PEAK STORES COLLISION BULKHEAD TWEEN DECK # 1 DOUBLE BOTTOM TANK DEEP TANK HATCH AND COVER

11. MAST HOUSE 12. DERRICK 13. WINCH

21. STEERING GEAR ROOM 22. SUPER STRUCTURE 23. BRIDGE 24. ENGINE ROOM CASING

14. LOWER HOLD # 3

25. POOP DECKS 15. TRANSVERSE BULKHEAD 16. # 2 TWEEN DECK HATCH AND COVER 17. SHAFT TUNNEL 18. AFT PEAK BULKHEAD 19. STERN TUBE 20. RUDDER 26. FUNNEL 27. PROPELLER 28. RUDDER POST OR STOCK 29. MAST 30. KEEL SHEER

Ship building /construction terms

Ship building /construction terms

1 7 Cargo tanks

Fuel oil tanks

Cofferdam

10

Slop tanks

11

C D / Pumproom

Ship building /construction terms

Flare

Bulbous Bow

Constructional terms
1. Chain locker 2. Forepeak tank 3. Boatswain's store 4. Bulbous bow 5. Fashion plate 6. Breast hook 7. Second deck 8. Upper deck 9. Forecastle deck

10.Center division
11.Wash plate 12.Collision bulkhead 13.Side stringer 14.Panting stringer plate 15.Panting beam 16.Pillar 17.Frame 18.Tank side bracket 19.Beam bracket 20.Beam 21.Deck girder 22.Center girder

Ship building /construction terms

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 HATCH COAMING MAIN DECK BULWARK GUNWALE TRANSVERSE FRAME TWEEN DECK TRANSVERSE FRAME SIDE SHELL PLATING BILGE BILGE KEEL MARGIN PLATE SIDE GIRDER KEEL DUCT INNER BOTTOM OR TANK TOP KEEL PLATE CAMBER DECK BEAMS FENDER TOE BRACKET LONGITUDINALS DEAD RISE

Ship building /construction terms

MacGregor chain pulled folding hatch cover

Ship building /construction terms

Plating

Keel
Bottom Framing

Transverse frames Longitudinal frames

Bulkheads
Decks

Constructional terms
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Center girder Side girder Bottom longitudinal top longitudinal of double bottom Solid floor Keel A strake Bottom plating Bilge strake Side plating Topside strake Sheer strake Inner bottom plating Tank side bracket Gusset plate Hold frame Tween deck frame 2nd deck beam Beam bracket Second deck Upper deck Stringer plate Tripping bracket Deck transverse beam Deck Longitudinal

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

Deck girder Hatch coaming Strong beam Web frame Hold pillar Teen deck pillar

32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

Bulwark plate Hand rail Bulwark stay Horizontal stiffener Bilge keel

37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

Docking bracket Bracket to margin plate Watertight floor Bracket to water lig!it floor Vertical stiffener

Constructional terms
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Center girder Side girder Solid floor Bottom long. Tank top plating Tank top bracket Horizontal margin plate Frame Web frame Auxiliary engine bed Main engine bed Engine bed bracket Beam bracket Engine room platform Deck beam Tween deck frame Upper deck Cabin will Wall side stiffener Horizontal stiffener Engine room pillar Engine casing Engine room recess Engine opening

25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Saloon deck Curtain plate Bulwark plate Sheer strake Side plating

30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

Bilge strake 35. Bottom plating 36. Keel 37. Engine girder Docking bracket

Bilge keel 38. Vertical stiffener 39. Strut 40.

Bracket to margin plate Half depth girder Boat deck

Constructional terms

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

After-peak tank Rudder stock trunk Stern frame Rudder Deep floor Tank top plate Upper deck

8.
9.

After-peak bulk head

Cant frame Scantlings

Ship building /construction terms

Decks
Decks above Main deck Poop deck 1, 2, etc Decks below Main deck Tween deck or platform 1, 2, etc.

Frames
Number start from aft increasing forward

Identification and location

Compartments; components, equipment: Centerline is 0 Port side - even numbers Starboard side odd numbers Location of components, equipment etc. Port, Starboard, Inboard, Outboard Forward of, Aft of

Ship building /construction terms

Gangway Jack Ladder Pilot Ladder

Companion way

Ship building /construction terms

Mooring Fashion plate Windlass Bollard Cleat Guide roller Capstan Forecastle

Ship building /construction terms

Anchor Doubling plate Hawse pipe

Outfitting On Deck
a) Mooring devices

Propeller
Paddle wheel

Engine power transmission to propeller

Propellers

Fixed pitch propeller:

Controllable pitch propeller:

Propellers
Pod propulsors

Propellers

Schottels propulsor

Propellers

Voith-Schneider vertical axis propeller

Voith-Schneider - vertical axis propeller

Red Falccon
Ro Ro Passenger Ferry : 93 m L

4000 GT
2 engines driving propellers in synchronous mode

Water jet propulsion

Classification of ships

Classification of ships
3) How ships are propelled Steam turbines (s.s.) Diesel engines (m.v. or m.s. or m.t.)

Electrical Propulsion

Main engines - propulsion power

Steam turbines

Two Sets of Moving Blades

Main engines - propulsion power Slow speed diesel engine

MAN 32/44cr Common rail

Main engines - propulsion power

Turbine and medium speed engines require reduction gears to bring down shaft r.p.m. (shaft revolutions) suitable for propeller

Main engines - propulsion power

Gas turbine

Steering system
Rudder device to make ship turn

Steering system
Rudders

4 Ram type hydraulic steering gear

Steering system
Vane type hydraulic steering gear

Steering systems

Thrusters

Outfitting On Deck

Outfitting On Deck
Derricks

Outfitting On Deck
b) Cranes

Principal dimensions

Principal dimensions

Sheer, Half Breadth and Body Plan

Sheer, Half Breadth and Body Plan

Bonjean curves
curves drawn on the ship's profile against the draught at each transverse section. The area of the underwater transverse sections at required draught can be obtained at each section and integration of same gives the volume of the underwater part of the hull.

Form Coefficients
Waterplane area coefficient

Midship section area coefficient

Form Coefficients

Prismatic coefficient

Block coefficient

Plimsoll Mark Load Line marks

Volume Tonnage

Volume Tonnage

Tons Per Centimetre immersion (TPC)

TPC is the mass in tonnes added to or removed from a

ship which will change its mean draught by one

centimetre

Plimsoll Mark Load Line marks

Fresh Water Allowance (FWA)

When a vessel is floating in FW or in water of density lesser than
density of SW additional cargo can be loaded exceeding its summer draught to such an extent that it does not cross assigned summer

draught when it comes to SW. The extra draught available is called

the FWA.

FWA is entered in the Load Line certificate. It is constant between

the range of TF and WNA load lines.

Room Allocations for Quiz / Test at 1200 hrs.

I D Nos. 11001 to 11038 - Room 106

I D Nos. 11039 to 11074 - Room 105

I D Nos. 11075 to 11102 - Room 103

GROUPS FOR QUIZ / TEST ON : 08.10. 2010

Gr 1
Gr 2 Gr 3 Gr 4 Gr 5 Gr 6 Gr 7 Gr 8 Gr 9 Gr 10

11001
11007 11020 11031 11037 11055 11059 11065 11082 11099

11002
11005 11008 11010 11012 11014 11017 11019 11022 11024

11027
11029 11032 11034 11038 11040 11042 11044 11046 11048

11050
11053 11057 11060 11063 11066 11068 11071 11073 11075

11077
11079 11081 11084 11086 11088 11090 11092 11094 11097

11100

Room Allocations for Group Discussions Group No. 1 Group No. 2 Group No. 3 Group No. 4 Group No. 5 Group No. 6 Group No. 7 Group No. 8 Group No. 9 Group No. 10 Room No. 101 Room No. 101 Room No. 105 Room No. 105 Room No. 105 Room No. 105 Room No. 106 Room No. 106 Room No. 106 Room No. 106