By TANIMA CHAKRABORTY(Roll-21) SREEYA CHAKRABARTY(Roll-24) MEGHALI DEY (Roll-37)

Welcome to the WORLD of OPTICAL FIBRE

What is optical fiber

communication? The process of communication using Optical Fibers

A WALK THROUGH TIME

The Founders and Developers

ST 1

-GENERATION

rate of 45 Mbps repeater spacing of up to 10 km.

nd 2

-GENERATION

single-mode fiber rates of 1.7 Gb/s repeater spacing up to 50 km

RD 3

-GENERATION

Rate of 2.5 Gb/s, repeater spacing in excess of 100 km

th 4

-GENERATION

repeaters and wavelengthdivision multiplexing 14 Tb/s, repeater Spacing of 160 km.

th 5

GENERATION

new dry fiber, low-loss window range of 1.30-1.65 m.

TECHNOLOGY
Optical transmitter converts an electrical

signal into an optical signal . The information transmitted is typically digital information.
Optical receiver recovers the signal as an

electrical signal.

Transmitters:
Commonly-used - semiconductor

devices -LEDs , Laser diodes. LEDs are very useful for low-cost applications. Laser allows high coupling efficiency.

Receivers:
The photoelectric effect MSM-suitable for circuit

integration in regenerators and wavelength-division multiplexers.

3. LIGHT SCATTERING
Diffuse reflection or scattering, characterized by wide

variety of reflection angles. depends on the wavelength of the light being scattered

 Now regeneration of the optical

signal is only needed over distances of hundreds of kilometers Reduction in the cost of optical

networking.
Dispersion management.

Interesting

features about optical fibers !!!

 Fiber can be installed in areas with high electromagnetic interference. Has inherently high data-carrying capacity

Even when run alongside each other for long distances, fiber cables experience effectively no crosstalk
Fiber has exceptionally low loss.

Optical systems can go over 100 kilometers ,with no active or passive processing.

Comparison of optical fiber communication with electric transmission

In short distance and relatively low bandwidth applications, electrical transmission is often preferred because of its :
Lower material cost, where large quantities are not required Lower cost of transmitters and receivers

SO WHY USE
OPTICAL FIBER ???

In certain situations fiber may be used even for short distance or low bandwidth applications, due to other important features:

Immunity to electromagnetic interference, including nuclear electromagnetic pulses . High electrical resistance. Lighter weightimportant, for example, in aircraft.