Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Acknowledgements
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science
policy finance
Core
Areas
Its Not Just About
Carbon
Forests fall because they are worth
more cut down than they are
standing up - A Market Failure!
A Crisis
of Values
• Food Security
• Energy Security
• Environmental Security
All on a collision
course!
Demand and Poverty drive
Deforestation • Beef
• Soya
• Palm oil
• Timber
Land Use changes are very
significant
Energy –
Agriculture
25.6 Gt 61%
5.6 Gt 14%
Electri Consuming
Soils and
city & fossil fuels
livestock
Heat
Land Use
changes 7.6 Gt
Transport
18% primarily
deforestation
Othe Industry
r
Ener
gy
WRI 2000 estimate all GHG CO2 equivalent
Four Market Approaches
All can help to reduce emissions from deforestation
1. PLANTATION FORESTRY
4. ENVIRONMENTAL ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
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The movie file that was used here can be found on this website:
http://www.vets.ucar.edu/vg/CCM3T170/index.shtml
The Amazon Water Pump
The Amazon Rainforest puts some 20 billion tonnes of water into the atmosphere each day.
Some of this falls as rain in the Rio Plata Basin to the south.
Marengo et al. 2004, Journal of Climate
RAINFALL MECHANISM IN AN UNDISTURBED RAINFOREST [MODEL]
CLEAN ATMOSPHERE
Warm
H2OVAPOR
PHOTOXIDATION
+ Low Level
Clouds
Biogenic
Cloud Condensation N
VOCs Nuclei (CCNs) IO
TROPICAL T
A
ATLANTIC IR
OCEAN P
S
N
R
A Heavy but Gentle
T Rainfall
‘Dead Carbon’
Mainly emissions from Energy
Captured and stored underground
A New World Order is Emerging
• Capitalism Questioned - a New Bretton Woods?
• G20 Rising - G8 “irrelevant” Lula?
• Middle East Money - bailed out Western Banks
• Annex I Prosperity - depends on Brazil, India, China
• Power has shifted
• A historical opportunity
• Natural Capital rising?
7.32 billion
tonnes of
CO2e
released /
yr….
(FAO)
One
hurricane
event
US $81.2 billion
of losses
THE SERVICES and THE BUYERS
1. Water Storage – 16% of global freshwater supplies - 70-80% of
Brazil’s electricity depends on Hydropower
2. Rainfall Generation – 20 billion t/day; Agribusiness,
Soya, Beef and Sugarcane all depend on rain; 40% of Brazil’s cars use
ethanol, bio-ethanol set to expand
3. Weather Moderation – a regional air-conditioning unit;
Amazon drought in 2005 coincided with record Caribbean hurricanes
US$xxxx billion in Insurance Losses
4. Biodiversity – natural nano technology; Forest disturbance leads
to a 300 fold increase in mosquito biting incidence affecting Health
5. Carbon Storage – 150-300 tonnes/ha; 67 billion tonnes/CO2e
stored = an opportunity for Carbon Markets
70% of Brazil’s electricity needs are from
hydro power
•Iwokrama, Guyana
Case Study 1: Amazonas Initiative
AIM: Renconcile the maintenance of 67 billion
tons of CO2e with the ethical need to improve
the livelihoods of its people through sustainable
land uses
Virgílio Viana
Amazonas State Government
Brazil
www.sds.am.gov.br
Amazonas
State, Brazil
• Amazonas Initiative
• Law of Climatic Changes
• State Parks Decree
• Amazonas Foundation For
Sustainability
• $10m Bradesco Bank
• Blosa Floresta
Gov. Eduardo Braga
Improving Social
Capital
• Documents
• Health
• Marriages
Counter Deforestation
by increasing the
value of
forest products and
services
Matrix’s Dynamics
Matrix Dimensions
Desirable Condition
Sustainability
Direction to
after Good Condition
Program Action
Regular Condition
Critical Condition
befor
e
Add Value to Standing Forests
Bolsa
Foresta
Re50 / family/ Month
Payments for Ecosystem
Services
Community &
Dirstrict
“Make no Smoke”
Case Study 2:
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Guyana
Nov. 2007
• President Jagdeo’s
call to the
World Community
Guyana -
National Context
• 80% of forests intact
• Major road development - Soy
• Deepwater port
• Oil based economy
• Logging/biofuels/agriculture
• Bauxite and gold mining
International Centre
For Conservation
And Development
Given to the Commonwealth in
1995 to pioneer novel ways of
utilising forests and conserving
biodiversity.
•371,000 hectares
•50% SFM; 50% Pristine
•119 million tonnes of carbon
•7000 strong indigenous community
A key signature site for
demonstrating a new financial
paradigm for forest valuations.
Iwokrama Project
Development
Collaborators
D
C o m
e v e lo p m
m u n it y
e n t
F u n d r a i s i n g
a n d
P u b l i c S u s t a i n a b l e
R e l a t i o n s B u s in e s s
C o n s e r v a t io n
a n d
R
F o r e s t
e s e a r c h
2. North Rupununi Development
Board - Community Relations
M o n i t o r in g
O p e r a t i o n s
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Investment by
• Designed to invest in Eco-System
Services worldwide
• High net worth investors
• Secured first asset with Iwokrama
• Option to value ecosystem services
Q u ic k T im e ª a n d a
T IF F (U n c o m p re s s e d ) d e c o m p r e s s o r
a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .
www.iwokrama.org
www.canopycapital.co.uk
www.globalcanopy.org