Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tina Masciangioli
AAAS Environmental Science and Technology Policy Fellow
National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) U.S.EPA
The emerging fields of nanoscience and nanoengineering are leading to unprecedented understanding and control over the fundamental building blocks of all physical things. This is likely to change the way almost everything - from vaccines to computers to automobile tires to objects not yet imagined - is designed and made.
- Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology Report (1999)
What happens when nano-xyz gets into the air, soil, water, or biota?
Cd(CH3)2
Will it be possible to recover the quantum dots for reuse? How are these semiconductor nanoparticles being introduced to their target?
Bio/Enviro/other applications
Are there measures that can be taken now to minimize or avoid the negative impact quantum dots (or other nanotechnologies) may have on the environment?
The good
Nanotechnology has the potential to substantially benefit environmental quality and sustainability through Pollution prevention Treatment Remediation Information
5 m
Biomolecular nanolithography
Biomimetic methods of organizing metal particles 1.5 nanometers in diameter. Assembling the particles on a biopolymer template or scaffold stretched out on a surface. Nanostructures are organized into well-defined chip architectures, such as lines and grids. Process eliminates the current process chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Nanoscale assemblies have been made that demonstrate stable, room-temperature electrical behavior that may be tolerant of defects and useful in building nanoscale circuits.
J. E. Hutchison and coworkers, Superlattices and Microstructures, Vol. 00, No. 0,2000
Iron Treatment Walls Used in groundwater treatment for many years. Iron chemically reduces organic and inorganic environmental contaminants. Currently involves granular or microscale iron ( 50 m or 50,000 nm).
and Nanotechnology
Nanosized iron enhances the reaction. Enhanced further by coupling with other metals (Fe/Pd)* on the nanoscale. Nano Fe0 is more reactive and effective than the microscale. Smaller size makes it more flexible - penetrates difficult to access areas.
* Elliot and Zhang ES&T 2001, 35, 49224926
Nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO) senses organic pollutants indicated by change in visible emission signal. The ZnO shoots the pollutants via photocatalytic oxidation to form more environmentally benign compounds. Sensing capability means that the energy-consuming oxidation stage only occurs when the pollutants present. Multifunctionality and smartness is highly desirable for environmental applications.
>300 nm
UV
Sensors
Used for Process control, compliance and ecosystem monitoring, and data/information interfaces. Need to be Low cost, rapid, precise, and ultra sensitive. Operated remotely and continuously, in situ, and in real time.
IBM--Berger et al., Science 1997 June 27; 276: 2021-2024
Conclusions
Science and Engineering approaches are needed that offer new capabilities to prevent or treat highly toxic or persistent pollutants, and that result in the more effective monitoring of pollutants or their impact in ways not currently possible. Nanoscience, engineering, and technology holds great potential for the continued improvement of technologies for environmental protection. The recent breakthroughs in creating nanocircuitry, give further evidence and support the predictions that nanoscale science and engineering will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow. BUT the environmental implications (nano in the environment) need to be considered as we consider nano for the environment.