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Hard Disk Drives

What are They?


(And what do they do?)
Curtis W. Lindsey
Cisco NetAcademy
PUC South Campus
Phnom Penh 24 March, 2012

Hard Disk Drives


Format

Hard Disk Drives


Partition

Hard Disk Drives


Sector

Hard Disk Drives


Cylinder

Hard Disk Drives


Your computer is like an office.
It has a worker (CPU), a desk
(RAM), a telephone (Modem), a
radio (Sound Card).

Hard Disk Drives


Your computer
also has a filing
cabinet.
We call it the

Hard Disk

Hard Disk Drives


Filing cabinets
hold paper
documents.

Hard Disk Drives


Hard drives
hold digital
data !!!

Hard Disk Drives


Books Have Paper Pages . . .

Hard Disk Drives


Hard drives have magnetic platters . . .

Hard Disk Drives


In a book, the word The looks like this:

The
But to a computer The looks like this:

010101000110100001100101

Hard Disk Drives


Platters are divided
Logically into
A.
B.
C.
D.

Tracks
Sector
Sector Track
Cluster

Hard Disk Drives


The smallest
allocation unit on a
hard drive is called a
sector.
Most sectors are 512
bytes in length.
(512 * 8) = 4,096 bits

00001010000000000001101000000000000001011000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000001000001010100010000000001000010000000000000000000000000000000
00001000000000000000001010000000010000100000001000000000000000000000000000
00000100000000000000000000000000000000010000000000111000000000000000000000
00000011110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000001000000000000000000
00000001000100100000000000000000000100000000000000000000111000000000000000
00000000000000010000100000000000000001000000000000010000000010100000000000
00000000010000000000100000000000000000001000000000000010000000010011000000
00000000000100000000000001000000011000000001000000000000101111100000000001
00100000000001000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000001101000000
00001011111100010000000000000000000000000000000011101110100100000000000000
00000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000001000001000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000100000000000100000000000000
00000100000000010000000100000000000000100000000001000011011111100000010010
00000000000000001000000000001000000001000000000001000000000100000000000000
00110000000000000000000000000000100000000010000000000001000000100000000000
00000010100000000000010000000000000001000000000010000011000000000000000000
00000000000100010000000010000000000000000010000000000010011000000000000000
00000000000000000000001000010000000000000000000100000000001100100000000000
00000000000000000000001000000100100000000000000000000000000100000100000000
00000000000000000000000001000000001100000000000000000001000010000000001000
00000000000000000000000000000100000000100100000000000000000100100000000000
01000000000000000000000000000000010000000000001000000000000000111000000000
00000010000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000100000000001000100000
00000000000100000000000000000000000000000010001000000000000100000100000010
00000000000000001000000000000000000000000000001001000000000000000101000000
00100000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000101000000000000000100010
00000010000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000001000000000000001100
00000100000100000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000101000000000100
00000000000000010000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000010000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000101000000000
00000000000000000010000000000000000000000001000000000000000000001010000000
00000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000100000000000000000010100000
00000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000010000000000000000101001

Hard Disk Drives


A. A Track
on a platter
are all of the
sectors in one
ring.

Hard Disk Drives


Because most files are larger than
512 bytes, we combine sectors into
larger units called clusters.
A 4 sector cluster would hold 1,024
bytes
(1 megabyte).

Hard Disk Drives


The same track on all the platters forms a Cylinder.

Hard Disk Drives


In fact, hard disk drives have many parts and pieces . . .

Hard Disk Drives


Hard disk drives have Arms, heads, spindles and jumpers.

Hard Disk Drives


As the arm and
head moves
across the
platter, it reads
the magnetic
bits
underneath.

Hard Disk Drives


As the arm and
head moves
across the
platter, it reads
the magnetic
bits
underneath.

Hard Disk Drives


And the computer converts this

010101000110100001100101
To this:

The

Hard Disk Drives


hardware of a hard
disk, we also need a Logical way to save
In addition to the

and recall the data there.

We call this a File System.

Hard Disk Drives


The first step in the setup of a
hard disk is called partioning.

Partioning is creating and


defining the useable areas
of the disk.

Hard Disk Drives


The first
(or only)
partition is called the
Primary partition.

Hard Disk Drives


A primary partion
contains 1 (one) file
system.

Hard Disk Drives


Every hard drive in use
today has a Primary
Partition.

Hard Disk Drives


Additional
partitions
are known
as
Extended
Partitions.

Extended
partitions
may be
divided into
Logical
Drives

Hard Disk Drives


Partition The MBR also
details are contains a list of
the
operating
stored in
systems installed
the MBR on the drive.

(Master Boot Record).

Hard Disk Drives


Once the
drive has
been
partioned,
it can be
formatted.

Formatting
prepares the
partition for
file storage.

Hard Disk Drives


Formatting
creates the
File
Allocation
Table.

The FAT is
a table of file
locations on
the HDD.

Hard Disk Drives


Unlike a book,
the data in a
hard drive is

NOT
Stored
contiguously.

A file may be
distributed
among sectors,
clusters, tracks,
or even platters.

Hard Disk Drives


When you delete a
file, Windows simply
removes that entry
from the Table of
Contents (The FAT).

The File
Allocation Table
is a list of the
files on the hard
drive, their
The
data
stays
there
pieces and
until it is overwritten
locations.
with new data.

Hard Disk Drives


Newer versions
of Windows
works best, and
offers the most
functionality
with the NTFS
file system.

With NTFS you can


compress a drive, set
permissions on
individual files, and
enable audit trails.
NTFS also offers
enhanced data
recovery features.

Hard Disk Drives


Windows provides
several disk
management
and maintenance
Utilities to assist
in keeping your
data accessible
and safe.

Chkdsk scans a drive,


looking for errors and
can correct most
errors it encounters
The Defrag utility can
reassemble your files
in contiguous space,
making drive access
faster.

Hard Disk Drives


Click here to see a
hard drive in
operation.
Click here to a
crashed hard disk
drive.

Click here to see a


HDD perform file
system operations.

Hard Disk Drives


Thank you for your attention
Questions?
Comments?
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Send suggestions, questions and inquiries to

CurtsWebDesign@HotMail.com

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