A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE AND TREATMENT

INTRODUCTION
Sludge- organic matter which settles down in primary and secondary sedimentation tanks. Types- raw95% moisture content secondary96-98% moisture cont. Decomposition of organic matterfoul gas, pollution, health hazards.

SOURCE OF SLUDGE
Domestic sewage

Industrial sewage
Water treatment plants

TYPES OF SLUDGE
Primary sludge
Humus sludge Activated sludge

Digested sludge

CHRACTERISTICS OF SLUDGE
PHYSICAL includes moisture, density, color, texture, fluidity and plasticity etc.
CHEMICAL includes organic matter, volatile solids, Nitrogen, phosphate, fats etc.

SLUDGE TREATMENT
Main objectives Digestion of organic matter by Common methods. Destruction of pathogenic organisms. Safe and aesthetically acceptable disposal of sludge. By product of methane is used as fuel & and helps in controlling temperature and also generates power.

UNITS OF TREATMENT
Thickening
1. Reduction of moisture content of raw sludge. 2. Helps in reducing capacity of digestion tank and provides control of digestion condition. 3. It can produce sludge of less than 10% solid content. 4. Units of thickening are gravity thickener, floatation thickener, elutriation thickener.

UNITS OF TREATMENT
Digestion
1. Results in reduction of organic content. 2. Improved drain ability. 3. Greatly reduces odor of the pollutant matter 4. Overall reduction in the volume of the sludge finally to be deposed. 5. Units of digestion are anaerobic & aerobic

UNITS OF DIGESTION
Anaerobic digestion
converts sludge into liquid & gases and also reduces odor, volume, putrescence & produces gases. Two process are single and double stage. Bacteria like saprophytic organisms are present that react on complex organic matter and decomposed.

UNITS OF DIGESTION

Diagram of high rate two-stage anaerobic sludge digester

UNITS OF DIGESTION
Temperature of anaerobic digestion
Mesophilic digestion Thermophilic digestion

UNITS OF TREATMENT
Dewateringproduces sludge of greater
than 10% solid content and is used after digestion process.
Dewatering by sludge drying beds. Dewatering by mechanical methods by vacuum filtration.

METHODS OF DISPOSALS
Partial disposal
Incinerationsludge burnt in incinerator.

Ultimate disposal
disposal by crops land disposal by oceans

CONCLUSION
MISCONCEPTIONS- unimportant
additional operation, increase in total cost of waste water treatment.

IMPORTANCE- represents SS and BOD

loads, impact of biological processes, stabilized sludge considers hygienic and aesthetic requirements, aerobic digestion contains lower BOD value than anaerobic digestion.