GOOD

AFTERNOON

SEMINAR ON
MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

TOPICS COVERED
Introduction Generators of hazardous wastes Harmful effects of toxic chemical/wastes
on human health Treatment and disposal methods Case study: Delhi Conclusion

Definition
Hazardous waste mean wastes (solids,
sludges, liquids and contained gases) other than radioactive (and infectious) wastes which, by reason of their chemical activity or toxic, explosive corrosive, or other characteristics, cause danger or likely will cause danger to health or the environment , whether alone or when coming into contact with other wastes.

Evolution of hazardous waste management

Its evolution can be divided into four stages The first stage was the realization of
environmental problems, The next stage was the birth of numerous regulations designed to limit discharges to the environment, impose chemical controls and initiate investigations of past problems. The third phase emphasizes the development of waste minimization Fourth phase is environmental standardization.

Hazardous waste identification

Is the waste excluded from Hazardous wastes Management & Handling rules,1989. No Yes Is the waste falling under waste category specified in schedule under Column-2? Yes Is the waste exceeding quantities specified in schedule under column-3? Yes The waste is hazardous waste & should subject to the requirements of hazardous wastes Management & handling rules, 1989 No The waste is subjected to control under water Prevention & control of Pollution Act, 1974 Yes Is the waste liquid? No Is the waste gaseous?

The waste is a NonHazardous Waste?

Generators of Hazardous Wastes

1. Heavy industries :Chemical manufactures, Printing industry,
Leather products manufacturing, Paper industry

2. Biological waste:
hazardous.etc

infectious, injurious, noninfectious and

3. Households: Household cleaners, Paint products-solvents, wood

preservatives, turpentine, Pesticides and herbicides-fungicides, mothballs, insect sprays

4. Transporters: 5. Farmers: pesticides, fertilizers, rodenticides 6. Military: asbestos, cleaners, explosives

7. Processes: Natural gas production , Hardening of steel etc

Harmful effects of toxic chemicals / wastes on human health

Entry to the human body a) Inhalation the most common route b) Ingestion- unusual c) Skin contact more common that is
realized if the material is fat soluble.

Nature of action
Once in contact with the body the toxic materials
may have varying effects Local - irritant to the skin, eye, or respiratory tract or allergic to the skin or Respiratory tract. Systematic inherent toxicity, metabolic toxicity or both Or Acute short term immediate effect Chronic long term delayed effect

Effect of certain chemicals on human health

Mercury Irreversible neurological damage Cadmium- Renal dysfunction when renal cortex cd is
around 200mg/kg; acute respiratory effects at higher doses Lead - Neurological effects; gastrointestinal effects and renal disease Arsenic Lung and other cancers; skin and mucous membrane disorders; neurological effects; visual impairment, etc Formaldehyde Carcinogenic potential; skin and eye irritant; respiratory tract irritation. Dioxins- Potent animal carcinogen

Treatment and disposal methods

1.Chemical treatment 2. Physical treatment 3. Biological treatment and Thermal
process

Chemical treatment
a) Solubility b) Neutralization c) Precipitation d) Coagulation and flocculation e) Oxidation and reduction f) Disinfection g) Ion exchange

Physical treatment
Screening Sedimentation Clarification Centrifugation Filtration Evaporation Stripping

Biological treatment
1. Aerobic: Oxygen molecules are required to
decompose organic matter for the energy bacteria need to grow and multiply.

2. Anaerobic: In this processes the oxygen

that is combined chemically with other elements, such as nitrates, carbonates or sulphates.

Thermal processes
If the waste molecule can be destroyed or
reduced to carbon dioxide, water and associated inorganic substance, the organics should be rendered harmless Incineration is the controlled high temperature oxidation of primarily organic compounds to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Disposal methods
1.Landfill operations:
Refuse, trash and garbage are biodegradable in a sanitary landfill. For this reason, municipal landfills that have accepted only sanitary wastes should not present severe long term threats to the human health and the environment.

2. Injection well disposal : Generally, this disposal

technique has placed the materials in well-confined geological formations that are deep below the surface of the earth. With proper planning, injection well disposal does not present an unreasonable risk to the human health and the environment.

Case study: Delhi

Fundamental problem of waste
generation and disposal in Delhi It has been conclusively found out that small industries have been regularly dumping extremely hazardous waste in and around Delhi

A comprehensive note on hazardous waste in Delhi

Many agencies have performed the hazardous waste
inventory for the state of Delhi and their estimates are given below. 59,423 tonnes per year (data obtained from the moef [Ministry of Environment and Forests] 2000) 60,000 tonnes per year (NPC 1997) 5543 tonnes per year (TRMS [Tata risk management services] as quoted in NPC 1997) 24,000 tonnes of CETP (common effluent treatment plant) waste per year as per NEERI (national environmental engineering research institute) (NPC 1997)

Suggested measures
Inventory of present status of hazardous waste
generation from units located in conforming areas. Relocation of polluting industries Since ETP sludge and acid/alkaline slurry form a major part of the total hazardous waste generated, efforts should be made to minimize waste generation in these categories A site for developing a CHWTDF (common hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility) should, therefore, be identified and developed .

Conclusions
The rapid industrialization and indiscriminate disposal of
hazardous waste has caused serious damages to public health and environment. So hazardous wastes should be managed very carefully. The government agencies should be stringent in implementing the provisions of acts. Hazardous waste be treated before final disposal so that they are converted to less harmful product. Recycling, reclamation and waste reduction technique for management of hazardous waste be adopted.

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