MICROBIOLOGY OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE WATER

COLOR Grey tint when fresh Black when septic change of color indicates mixing of industrial waste with sewage

TOXICITY Toxic compounds and heavy metals affects treatment and disposal Many heavy metals are essential in trace quantities for biological lifebut toxic in higher concentration ODOR Associated with decomposing organic matter if industrial waste added odor caused by compounds as NH3, phenol, S2-, CN

MICRO ORGANISM IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Biological TP: a method of contact between microbes and substrate. Suitable temperature, pH, nutrients etc. are required for microbial growth. Such a growth results into the removal of substrate.

Environmental conditions that affect microbial growth.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLANT

1. pH 2. Temp 3. Nutrients 4. Subs conc. & composition 5. D.O. 6. Contact / extent of mixing

Method of contact between microbes and substrate. Quantification of growth and substrate removal Method of separation of microbes and substrate after desired substrate removal is achieved

TYPES OF MICROBES:
EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC

EUKARYOTIC

FUNGI (YEAST)

PROTOZOA

ALGAE

PROKARYOTIC

BACTERIA

CYANOBACTERIA (BLUEGREEN ALGAE)

COMPOSITION OF INORGANIC MATTER

Chlorides Nitrogen (ammonia) Phosphorus Sulfur Toxic inorganic compounds Heavy metals pH & alkalinity

COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER

Bacteria Fungi Algae Protozoa Plants and animal Viruses Pathogenic organisms

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT
CARBON SUBSTRAT (org. or inorg.) ELECTRON DONOR ENERGY SOURCE

Types of microbes:

AUTOTROPHS: microbes requiring inorganic carbonaceous compounds. HETEROTROPHS: microbes requiring organic compounds . PHOTOTROPHS: microbes consuming light as energy source . CHEMOTROPHS: microbes obtaining energy from oxidation of org. or inorg. Compounds. ORGANOTROPHS: organic compounds as source of electron. LITHOTROPHS: inorganic compounds as source of electron.

BACTERIA
Cylindrical(0.5-1b & 1.5-3l) Helical(0.5-5w & 6-15) Spherical(0.5-1r)

Structure: Cytoplasm (interior cell) it contains colloidal suspension of complex organic compounds. It contains RNA that synthesis proteins.

Composition: 80% water 20% dry material General formula : C60H87O23N12P Environmental requirements: Temp: psychrophilic --- 12-18 mesophilic --- 25-40 thermophilic --- 55-65

pH: Most bacteria cannot tolerate pH more than 9 or below 4 but the optimum range for bacterial growth is 6.5 to 7.5.

BACTERIAL GROWTH:
Lag phase (acclimation period) Log growth phase Stationary phase (no substrate, growth & death rate same) Log death phase (death rate exceeds production )

BACTERIA MULTIPLICATION:

REPRODUCED BY BINARY FISSION GROWTH RATE:

(dx/dt) = x
x = microbial cell mass = specific growth rate coefficient

GROWTH LIMITING NUTRIENT

MONOD EQUATION: = s/(k+s) where: =specific growth rate coff. =maximum growth rate coff. s =conc. of limiting nutrient. k =half saturation coff.

MICROBIAL REACTIONS:
COHNS

+ O2

(ORGANIC)

CO2 + NH3 +C5H7NO2 (BACTERIAL CELLS)

C5H7NO2 +5O2
(CELLS)

5CO2+2H2O+NH3+ENERGY

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE:

Influences metabolic activities of microbes Effect of temperature on reaction rate of a biological process: rt = r20k (t-20) rt = reaction rate at (t) degree Celsius r20 =reaction rate at (20)degree Celsius k = temperature activity coefficient t = temperature in degree Celsius