SUBMITTED TO: ER. HARPREET SINGH H.O.

D OF EE DEPARTMENT

SUBMITTED BY: SHASHIKANT BHARDWAJ B-TECH 4TH YEAR EE

INTRODUCTION OF PLCC

IN PLCC EHV POWER LINE IS USED FOR POWERSYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS THE PLCC HF SIGNALS (30-500KHZ) IS COUPLED TO THE EHV POWER LINE THROUGH COUPLING CAPCITOR IT IS USED FOR SPEECH AND DATA TRANSFERING IT IS ALSO USED FOR THE LINE PROTECTION HIGHLY RELIABLE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE FREE LESS INSTALLALTION COST NO RUNNING EXPENDITURE

Power Line Carrier Communication System

LT
Power Line (50Hz)

CC
RF carrier (40-500kHz)

PAX

RTU PLCC

TERMINAL

Transmission line
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TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

100 300 MHZ

POWERLINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

30-500 KHZ

MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
800 MHZ 4 GHZ

SATELITE COMMUNICATION
MORE THAN 4 GHZ

OPTICLE FIBRE COMMUNICATION

METHODS OF PLCC COUPLING THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLCC COUPLING SYSTEMS
PHASE TO GROUND COUPLING PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING LINE TO LINE COUPLING INSULATED GROUND WIRE COUPLING INTRA BUNDLE COUPLING

POWERGRID IS ADOPTING MAINLY PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING FOR ALL THE LINES

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT OF PLCC CAPCITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER WAVE TRAP LINE MATCHING UNIT BALANCING TRANSORMER 3 ELEMENT PROTECTION DEVICE
DRAINAGE COIL LIGHTNING ARRESTOR EARTH SWITCH

COAXIAL CABLE EHV TRANSMISSION LINE

INDOOR EQUIPMENT OF PLCC PLCC PANEL

ABB-ETI 21, BPL-9505,WS-WSP100 & PUNCOM

PROTECTION COUPLER
NSD60 & NSD61 OF ABB, 6710 OF BPL

DATA MODEM
NSK3,NSK4 & NSK5 OF ABB

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
EPAX-200.3 & MDX50 OF BPL

EXPRESS TELEPHONE FOR POINT TO POINT COMMUNICATION

Line diagram
Sub-Station
bay-1
To other S/S

Line Isolator

Circuit Breaker

Bus Isolator 1

Bus Isolator 2

Bus Bar #1 Bus Bar #2

Single Line digm

Components
H.V Line

Line Trap

Coupling

capacitor

PLCC terminal

LMU
Coaxial cable

PLCC Terminal = Translates voice and data into High Frequency Carrier. Output Power =10 to 80W LMU = Line Matching Unit = For impedance matching between line and coaxial cable, includes high voltage protection devices like drainage coil(20mH), lightening arrestor(500V) and an earth switch. Coupling Capacitor = Couples high frequency carrier with Power Line ( 4000 to10000pF) Line Trap = Do not allow the transmitted HF carrier to enter inside the sub-station. (L = 0.5 to 2mH) With out Line trap HF carrier get by-passed to some other line on the same bus bar and may leak to ground ( a earth switch inside the yard provided for each bay is kept closed during maintenance)
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Line trap function

= PLC signal Blocking

HV Line
Power energy

PLC Signal

Substation

Line Trap = High Impedance for PLC signal Low Impedance for Power energy

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CVT : CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

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LMU function
LMU = impedance matching Transformer
Line Trap

+ high voltage Protection

To prevent dangerous potential on the PLCC connection To match PLCC set & transmission Line
Coupling

Capacitor s/s LMU PLC

Coaxial

Matching

Protection

LMU
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LMU functional blocks

HV -line

Substation

Line trap

Coupling capacitor Tx

ABB MCD 80

or

Coax cable

Rx

PLC Cabinet
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Function of PLCC terminal

IF

User Signal
(0 to 4 kHz)
H

AF IF

IF RF

PA

R.F Signal (40 to 500 kHz)

H

User Side

AF
A

RF
AF
IF IF
gain

Line Side
H= hybrid

RF

IF

Translation : User audio signals into radio Spectrum Amplification : To compensate the line attenuation
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APPLICATIONS IN POWERSYSTEMS SPEECH TELE PROTECTION TELE METERING TELE SIGNALLING TELE CONTROL TELE PRINTING WIDE AREA NETWORKING

Effect of bad weather on PLCC communication

Losses increase for all inclement weather conditions

The worst offender is when heavy frost is formed on the line

Because of the skin effect, the carrier signal tries to propagate on the ice instead of the conductor. The attenuation can change as much as 4:1 depending on the frequency.

The contaminats (on the insulators) have a larger effect when it is raining than when the line is dry. The worst condition is a light rain with the presence of contaminants on the insulators

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