GOOD MORNING

PROGRESS SEMINAR
TOPIC:-TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED FAN

GROUP MEMBERS:Pooja Baruah(94061) Baishali Chakraborty(94062) Pinky Deka(94077) Amrapalee Purkayastha(94081)

Components Required
Components
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Temperature sensor LM35 Op-amp LM741 Opto-coupler MOC3011 Power triac BT136 Microcontroller AT89S52 Microcontroller interfacing devices Resistors Capacitors Diodes

Quantity
1 3 1 1 1 -

INTRODUCTION
This Project is used to control the speed of the fan according to the temperature and it also indicates the temperature. The system will get the temperature from the temperature sensor and it will control the speed according to the values stored by the user. The System is fully controlled by the microcontroller AT89S52

CONTROL FLOW CHART

TEMPERATURE SENSOR RAMP GENRRATOR

COMPARATOR

POWER SUPPLY 5V 12V

OUTOCOUPLER DRIVER STAGE

POWER DRIVE CIRCUIT

DETAILED EXPLANATION
POWER SUPPLY
The circuit needs a d.c power supply of +5V and -5V for the A/D converter IC And a d.c supply of +12V and -12V for the various op-amps used in the circuit We used a step down transformer of 220V-12V a.c The a.c voltage is rectified to d.c by a bridge rectifier circuit The d.c voltage is then filtered to remove the ripples with the help of capacitors This o/p voltage is then fed to 4 ICs 7812 IC to get +12V 7805 IC to get +5V 7905 IC to get -5V 7912 IC to get -12V

 Temperature sensor
The temperature sensor chosen for our circuit is the LM35 IC LM35 IC: LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in oC). With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. The operating temperature range is from -55C to 150C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature Work under any environmental condition.

Pin Diagram
Pin Function Name No 1 Supply voltage; 5V (+35V to Vcc 2V) 2 Output voltage (+6V to -1V) Output 3 Ground (0V) Ground

The output of the temperature sensor is fed to a non-inverting amplifier to amplify the output For the need of our project we chose our gain of the amplifier to be 5 We know for non-inverting amplifier Voltage gain Av=1+R2/R1 Choosing R2=10 k ohm and Av =5 We have, R1=(1/(Av -1)) R2 = 2.2 k ohm Hence we take R1=2.2k ohm & R2=10k ohm To achieve a required gain of 5

 Ramp generator
We need a ramp waveform which serves as the reference waveform while comparing the output Of temperature sensor. The ramp generator is built using an op-amp astable multivibrator circuit.

Circuit For Ramp Generator

 Comparator
The function of the comparator is to compare the output voltage of the sensor stage with that from the ramp generator and produces pulses that have varying pulse-width depending on the magnitude of the sensor output voltage. We have used LM741 op-amp as comparator

LM741 as comparator

 Outo-coupler stage
There are two functions of the outo-coupler stage: It serves as an isolator between the sensor stage and the power drive stage It is used to trigger the power-triac circuit that is present in the power drive circuit. We are using MOC 3011 as the outo-coupler

MOC 3011
The MOC3011 is an optically isolated triac driver device. These devices contain a GaAs infrared emitting diode and a light activated silicon bilateral switch, which functions like a triac. They are designed for interfacing between electronic controls and power triacs to control resistive and inductive loads

Description Of Opto-coupler

An opto-coupler is used to isolate the low voltage DC , from the high voltage AC The input opto-coupler is often a light emitting diodes while the output is often a photo triac for switching on a triac

Power drive circuit

Power Triac: Allows Biderectional flow of current Can be triggered by either a positive or a negative current applied to its gate electrode Once triggered, the device continues to conduct until the current drops below a certain threshold, called the holding current. Used as AC switches Controls flow of current in a circuit

BT136
Features:
It is a 3-pin IC Power TRIAC Conducts current in both directions when triggered through gate AC switch
Pin Diagram of BT136

Symbol

Operation of BT136

By varying the firing angle we can control the flow of current through the Triac Firing angle here refers to the pulse with of the comparator output

Operating principle
The operation is thusWhen the temperature is fixed, by the gain of the amplifier the comparator would generate regular pulses to sustain the temperature through the fan. Then if the temperature increases ,the comparator would end up generating wider pulses which in turn results in increased firing angle and hence increases the fan speed.

USE OF MICROCONTROLLER
The main role of the microcontroller AT89S52 used in our project is to: Read temperature from the temperature sensor Display the temperature on a 162 LCD connected to it. Take decision to operate the fan attached to it when temperature changes.

AT89S52:Features
It is a 8-bit microcontroller 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable Flash Memory 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Operating speed- 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

Pin Diagram:

Our Progress: Till date we have made the power supply, the ramp generator and the comparator. Our next approach will be the temperature sensor .

Conclusion
It is a very useful circuit as It simplifies life when used for household purpose. It can be used inside electronic devices to cool it that generate heat. The same principle can be used in sensible Air conditioner

Reference
www.atmel.com www.bristolwatch.com/ele/triac2.html www.elprojects.blogspot.in Op-Amps And Linear Intregated Circuits -Ramakant.A.Gayakwad