OMF000401 Case Analsyis Handover Training 20060901 A 2.0

Internal
OMF000401 Case Analysis -- Handover

ISSUE 2.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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References
31160978-BSC Traffic Statistic Manual Volume I 31033203-BSS Troubleshooting Manual
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Page 1
Upon completion of this course, you are supposed to be able to:

Understand the principles of handover Analyze and solve handover problems
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Page 2
Chapter 1 Measurement Points of Handover Chapter 2 Handover Data Process Chapter 3 Analysis of Handover Problem
Chapter 4 Handover Cases
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Page 3
Measurement Points of Intra BSC Handover

MS BTS(Source) BSC BTS(Target) MSC Measurement Report Measurement Report
Attempted internal inter cell H.O
Handover decision
Channel Activation Channel Activation ACK Handover Command (Old FACCH) Handover Access (New FACCH) Handover Complete (New FACCH) RF Channel Release Handover Performed
Successful internal inter cell H.O Internal inter cell H.O
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Measurement Points of Intra BSC Handover

Handover formula definition
Inter cell radio handover success rate =(Successful incoming internal inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers) / (Incoming internal inter cell handovers + Outgoing internal inter cell handovers )
Internal inter cell handover success rate =(Successful incoming internal inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers) / (Attempted incoming internal inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing internal inter cell handovers)
Inter cell radio handover success rate >= Internal inter cell handover
success rate
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Measurement Points of Inter-BSC Handover

MS BTS(Source) BSC MSC BSC BTS(Target)
Attempted outgoing inter BSC inter cell H.O
Measurement Report Handover Required

Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell H.O
Handover Request Channel ACT Channel ACT ACK Handover Request ACK Handover Command Handover Access Handover Detect Handover Complete
Successful incoming inter BSC H.O
Handover Complete
Clear Command (HO successful)

Successful outgoing inter BSC H.O
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MS BSC-A MSC-A
Prepare_HO
MSC-B
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
HO-Required
Allocate_HO_NUM Send_HO_Report Send_HO_Report_ACK HO-Request
HO-Command
Prepare_HO_ACK IAI ACM
HO-Request-ACK
Process_Access_Signalling Clear-Command Clear-Complete Send_End_Signal_ACK Send_End_Signal
HO-Access
Some intermediate steps are omitted
HO-Complete
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Page 7

Inter BSC handover Success rate
=(Successful incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers )
Incoming BSC handover Success rate
=(Successful incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted
incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers)

Outgoing BSC handover Success rate
=(Successful outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers ) / (Attempted
outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers)

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Chapter 1 Measurement Points of Handover Chapter 2 Handover Data Process Chapter 3 Analysis of Handover Problem Chapter 4 Handover Cases
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Page 9
Handover Data Process

Handover judgement4 BSC1 Search target cell 7 MSC2 MSC1 Inter-MSC H.O8 CGI6 H.O request7 BTS1
BA table1
Preprocessed MR3
Channel active 5 BTS2
BSC2
MS MR2
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Page 10

BCCH frequencies of all adjacent cells in BA2 table are sent to
MS on system message 5.
MS reports measurement report to BSS. It includes the BCCH ,
BSIC and signal level of the adjacent cells and serving cells.
When the measurement report is preprocessed, BSC
determines the CGI of all adjacent cells through BCCH frequency and BSIC .
BSC executes handover judgment flow such as basic cell
ranking . Once a proper target cell is found, the handover request message which includes the target cell CGI will be sent to MPU of BSC , and then MPU will confirm the module ID of the cell based on the CGI.
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Page 11

MPU sends handover request message to the module and makes
statistics of "outgoing inter cell handover request". At the same time BSC send the channel active to the BTS.
If the target cell triggered by BSC is an external cell, the CGI of the target
cell and service cell is sent to MSC on the handover required.

By matching the CGI of the target cell, MSC searches target cell . Once
the cell is found, MSC will confirm which BSC is belonged to, and send the handover request message to this BSC.
If there is no CGI of the target cell , MSC will check Adjacent MSC Table"
and find the target MSC, then send the handover request message to that MSC.
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Page 12
Chapter 1 Measurement Points of Handover Chapter 2 Searching Process of Handover Data Chapter 3 Analysis of Handover Problem Chapter 4 Handover Cases
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Page 13
Analysis of Handover Problem

Types of handover problems Locating handover problem Causes of handover problem
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Page 14
Types of Handover Problems
Types Possible Results No handover Cause call drop Handover failure Affect the conversation quality, and call drop. Frequent handover Affect the conversation quality and increase load of the system
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Page 15
Locating Handover Problem

Traffic statistics analysis
Measurement of BSC overall performance Measurement of inter cell handover performance Measurement of outgoing/incoming inter cell handover performance Measurement of performance of undefined adjacent cell
View alarm
Board fault, transmission, clock, etc.

Drive test Signaling analysis
A interface, E interface, Abis interface

Causes of Handover Problem

Coverage
Interference
Antenna and feeder system Base station hardware
Transmission
BSC hardware Data Configuration A interface Target cell congestion Cooperation with equipment of other manufacturers
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Page 17
Causes of Handover Problem

causes
Coverage Interference Antenna and feeder system BTS hardware transmission
Types
No H.O
H.O failure
Frequent H.O
BSC hardware
Data configuration A interface Target cell congestion H.O between equipment of different manufactures
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Coverage and interference at radio interface
Coverage: Poor coverage: forest, complicated topography, building direction and indoor coverage
Isolated site: no adjacent cell

Over shooting: island effect result in no adjacent cell Interference: MS can not access network or receive any signal.
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Page 19
Island effect results in handover failure

There is no adjacent cell, so handover becomes impossible.
Non-adjacent cell
Adjacent cell N1
Service cell
Non-adjacent cell Adjacent Cell N2 Non-adjacent cell Isolated island resulting from over shooting Adjacent Cell N3
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Page 20
Antenna and Feeder System

High Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Antenna is not properly installed Antenna is not parallel The azimuth and downtilt are not correct Poor antenna isolation value RF cables, connection are loose or incorrect
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Page 21
BTS hardware
CDU, splitter/combiner failure TRX failure TMU failure
Clock failure
Internal communication cable
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Page 22

Transmission
Transmission is not stable Serious BER in transmission

Fault of BSC Hardware
Clock board: the faulty clock board causes clock inconsistency between base stations.
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Page 23
Data configuration
Unsuitable setting of handover hysteresis and handover priority.
Unsuitable setting of P, N value of statistic time Unsuitable frequency and adjacency relation configured in BA1/BA2 table
CGI, BCCH and BSIC in "External Cell Description Table" are different from those in the opposite BSC.
The DPC of BSC in MSC "LAI and GCI Table" is incorrect.
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Page 24
A interface problem Basically, the insufficient link resource results in the abnormal handover, as well as abnormal communication. Circuit pool numbers are different ,causing the handover failure.
Target cell congestion
The target cell is congested, which causes the handover failure. Then the target cell should be expanded or reduce its traffic .
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Page 25
Handover between equipment of different manufacturers
The signaling at A interface, E interface of the opposite equipment are not matched to our equipment and can not be recognized or supported, which causes the handover failure, such as voice version, handover number, TUP circuit, addressing mode (CGI or LAI).
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Page 26
Chapter 1 Measurement Points of Handover

Chapter 2 Searching Process of Handover Data Chapter 3 Analysis of Handover Problem Chapter 4 Handover Cases
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Page 27
Handover Case 1
Fault Description
A 1800 cell of a dual-band network (all the 1800 cells belong to

one BSC), the incoming handover success rate of incoming BSC and intra BSC are low from the beginning of the service, while the outgoing handover success rate of intra-BSC and inter-BSC are normal.
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Page 28
Handover Case 1
Analysis:
Register the traffic statistics and analyze whether the low handover success rate is due to the failure of handover from all cells to this cell or from some few cells. If handover fails from some few cells to this cell, check the handover data and see whether there is co-channel and co-BSIC problem. If handover fails from all other cells to this cell, check the data of this cell. If data cause is ruled out, check the hardware carefully. Check the alarm or perform drive test to locate uplink fault or downlink fault. Check step by step and find out the cause.
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Page 29
Handover Case 1
Solution:
Register the incoming inter cell handover measurement function and find that the
successful rate of handover from all other cells to this cell is low, although it is not always 0 percent. Based on careful data checking, the data of this cell is correct.
Perform drive test and find that the downlink signal is normal but almost all
handovers to this cell are failure. Near the BTS, the handover is successful occasionally. Perhaps the problem is with the uplink signal.
Check the uplink channel, antenna, CDU, they are no problem. Change the TRX ,
everything is normal.
Conclusion:
The symptom is that the uplink and downlink at UM interface are unbalanced so
uplink voice quality is bad.
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Page 30
Handover Case 2
Fault Description:
After LAPD software upgrade of a dual-band network on 19th September, it was found that some cells in module 4 under 1800 network are seriously congested (4050), and overall handover
indices of BSC come down from 95 to 90. From "Inter -cell

Hanover Measurement Function, it was found that besides module 4, some cells of other modules also suffer from the problem that inter cell handover success rate is low. After 19th September, the situation became worse.
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Page 31
Handover Case 2
Analysis:

Check whether it is attributed to LAPD software upgrade. Analyze traffic statistics and the main causes of the failure to locate the problem.
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Page 32
Handover Case 2
Solution:
Check whether it is attributed to LAPD software upgrade.
After the upgrade, not all cells under module 4 are congested and the handover indices of some cells are not low. Upgrade isnt the cause.
Analyze traffic statistics:
Congested cells are mostly at site A and site B. Their traffics are lower than before the upgrade. It is a pseudo congestion. The cells where handover success rate is low are mostly at site A, B, C, D and E , the main cause of the failure is timer timeout.
Handover Cases 2
Solution:
Check alarm: At 19:31 of 18th September, the clock system
alarms of site A and site B occurred. It is found that 13M clock isnt synchronous. The clock problem result in low handover success rate of the two sites. Such impact spread to the adjacent cells of these two cells and even affected the whole network.
Analyze handover data and traffic statistics: All cells where
handover success rate is low are adjacent to A and B except A and B themselves.
Handover Cases 2
Solution:
Reset site A and site B, the clock system is recovered, and the handover success rate inter/intra BSC goes up to 93. The problem is solved.
Conclusion:
The problem in clock system will result in low handover success rate. Pay attention to the alarm console and the excursion of the clock system.
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Page 35
Handover Cases 3
Fault Description:
Huawei BSC and another manufacturers BSC (S vender) are connected to the same MSC. After cutover, MS can not handover from S BSC to Huawei BSC but opposite is normal.
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Page 36
Handover Cases 3
Analysis:
Since incoming BSC handover request times is 0 but the

outgoing handover is normal. Carefully check the outgoing inter-cell handover signaling and handover data at S BSC.
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Page 37
Handover Cases 3
Solution:
Trace interface message. After receiving HO-REQUEST
message, Huawei BSC returns HO-FAILURE message immediately. In normal conditions Huawei BSC should return
HO-REQ-ACK message. Carefully analyze HO-REQ message

and HO-FAILURE message.
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Page 38
Handover Cases 3
Handover failure
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Page 39
Handover Cases 3
HO-REQUEST
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Page 40
Handover Cases 3
Solution
HO-FALUER: The cause of the failure is invalid message
content
HO-REQUEST: The difference is basically the Address
Indicator in comparison with the normal handover request message. HUAWEI BSC does not recognize case 41. The system thinks that Address Indicator must be 0x43. Inform the owner of network, modify the relation parameter, and this problem is solved.
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Page 41
Handover Cases 3
Conclusion:
In cooperation with equipment of other manufacturers, faults can be located by analyzing the signaling.
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Page 42
Handover Cases 4
Fault Description:
Huawei MSC cooperate with MSC of N (vender). The
communication is normal. The Huawei intra BSC handover and incoming BSC handover are normal, but outgoing BSC handover success rate is about 25%. The handover from the N BSC to Huawei BSC is successful, but opposite is failure sometimes.
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Page 43
Handover Cases 4
Analysis:
Check handover data, including the external cell description

table, BA2 table, cell adjacency relation table inside Huawei BSC and N BSC and CGI at N MSC. If the data are correct, check outgoing BSC handover signaling.
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Page 44
Handover Cases 4
Solution:
Check data: There is no fault in BSC and MSC of the two
venders.
Check alarm: BTS maintenance console, No.7 link and A
interface circuit are all normal.

Trace Huawei A interface signaling. After "HO-REQUIRED"
message is sent, "HO-COMD" command is not received from MSC.

Trace MAP message at E interface (inter-MSC) with a
signaling meter. It is found that after receiving HO-Number, Huawei MSC never sends IAI (Initial Address Information).
Handover Cases 4
Solution:
Check HO-Number message from the opposite and find
that the handover code format is 130********(only a number of mobile telephone, no any prefix). But this mobile
company requires that roaming/handover between

exchanges should be in the format: 00+country code + roaming/handover number. In addition, Huawei equipment does not recognize the handover number without
00+country code. Therefore the signaling is halted.

Discuss with N, asking them to add "00+country code"
before the handover number. Then outgoing BSC handover is normal.

Handover Cases 4
Conclusion:
Problems can be located quickly and accurately if you are familiar with the signaling flow of handovers.
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Page 47
Handover Cases 5
Fault Description:
In the independent MSC networking of a dual band network, Huawei 1800 network cooperate with 900 network of vender A . After cutover, the successful rate of handover from M1800 to M900 is low (about 60 ), while the handover from M900 to M1800 are normal and the handover data are correct.
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Page 48
Handover Cases 5
Analysis 1: Trace the signalings at A interface and E interface.
Normal signaling is as follow:
MS
BSC-HW
MSC-HW
MSC-B
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
HO-REQUIRED
MAP_Prepare_HO
MAP_Allocate_HO_NUM MAP_Send_HO_Report
MAP_Send_HO_Report_ACK
HO-REQUEST
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
IAI
HO-REQUEST-ACK
HO-Command
ACM
MAP_Process_Access_Signaling MAP_Send_End_Signal Clear-Command Clear-Complete MAP_Send_End_Signal_ACK
HO-Access HO-Complete Intermediate steps are omitted.
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Page 49
Handover Cases 5
Analysis 2: Abnormally signaling is as follow:
MS BSC-HW MSC-HW
MSC-B
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
HO-REQUIRED
MAP_Prepare_HO MAP_Abort
HO-REJECT
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Page 50
Handover Cases 5
Solution:
Analyze the Prepare-HO message sent from Huawei MSC
to the opposite. The voice version is full-rate version 1, 2 and half-rate version 1. It is a PHASE 2+ version. However
there is only full-rate version 1 in the message sent from

M900 to Huawei M1800. It turns out that the opposite does not support half-rate version, so the handover fails.
Modify A interface circuit pool table of Huawei MSC data,
only using full-rate version 1.

Then the outgoing BSC handover is normal.
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Page 51
Handover Cases 5
Conclusion:
There are often many problems in coordination between the equipment of different manufacturers. However, problems can be located accurately by tracing signaling.
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Page 52
Handover Cases 6
Fault Description:
A GSM network, where one MSC is attached with two BSC, is all
configured with Huawei equipment. When the two BSC are cutover, the successful rate of handover from BSC1 to BSC2 is 0, but opposite is normal. Intra BSC handover of BSC1 and BSC2 are normal.
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Page 53
Handover Cases 6
Analysis:
Register outgoing inter-cell handover measurement
function of BSC1 and incoming inter-cell handover measurement function of BSC2.

Check the data related to handover of BSC1 and BSC2. Analyze signaling of handover failure.
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Page 54
Handover Cases 6
Solution:
Check all data of inter-BSC handover: external cell description
data table, BA2 table, CGI of MSC. No problem is found.

Trace A interface message of BSC1 and BSC2. After BSC1
sends "HO-REQUIRED", BSC2 has not received "HOREQUEST" message, but opposite is normal.
The path of data search: MSC goes to "LAI and GCI Table"
according to the CGI of the target cell in "HO-REQUIRED"
message, and sends HO request to the correct BSC base on

the description of the DPC of the cell given in the table.
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Page 55
Handover Cases 6
Solution:
The HO-REQUEST message, which should have been sent
to BSC2, is sent to BSC1. It is DPC error. After correction, the problem is solved.
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Page 56
Handover Cases 6
Conclusion:
For the data of inter-BSC handover, besides checking whether CGI at MSC side is consistent with that of opposite and BSC, check whether the DPC is correct. MSC look up target DPC
based on the CGI of the target cell. When the DPC is incorrect,
"HO-REQUEST" will be sent to wrong BSC.
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Page 57
Handover Cases 7
Fault Description:
A dual band network is a mixed networking of Huawei BSC (M1800) and vender N BSC (M900), attached to MSC of vender S. After the cutover, the successful rate of Huawei incoming BSC handover is always 8892, while outgoing BSC and intra-BSC handovers are normal (above 92). Furthermore, the cells with low successful
rate of incoming BSC handover are randomly distributed.
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Page 58
Handover Cases 7
Analysis:
Since the handover success rate is not very low and the low ratio is not in some few cells, data problem is excluded. Perhaps it is due to some interference at the radio interface coverage hole. So, trace the signaling.
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Page 59
Handover Cases 7
Solution:
Perform forced handover with a test mobile between
several cells where handover success rate is low. The forced handovers are all successful. Data problem is
excluded.
The interference band of cells is ideal, call drop and
congestion rate are normal. It is unlikely that the coverage and interference at the radio interface causes the problem.
Trace A interface signaling and compare the failure
signaling with success signaling:
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Page 60
Handover Cases 7
A interface signaling analysis of inter-BSC handover in MSC:
Failure signaling:
Success signaling:
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Page 61
Handover Cases 7
Solution:
The comparison result is that Huawei BTS has not detected
any MS access information (No HO DETECT signaling occurs). It shows that there is problem when the MS is accessing M1800 cells.
Reconfirm that there is no problem with the handover data,
otherwise the handover success rate will be very low.

Re-trace large number of handover signaling to find that all
failures are attributed to the same cause. In addition, the problem is the same: there are several handover requests in a call duration but all requests fail.
Handover Cases 7
Solution:
Analyze other similarities of the failed message, to find that
the first 6 digits of IMEI numbers of these MS are all 449684. It shows that the handover problem is related to the MS.
Find the MS owners with the IMSI numbers and find that all
MS with handover problem are F MS. Not long ago it was
proved that this MS has poor insulation performance

between M900 and M1800, so it can not access M1800 network. Now the cause is found.
Handover Cases 7
Conclusion: MS problem will also causes handover failure.
In this case the handover success rate is not very low, therefore
coordination problem is unlikely.

Trace the signaling to find the cause of the handover failure: BTS has not
received handover access message from MS.

Find the similarity of these MS through large amount of signaling tracing:
IMEI numbers are the same. Then it is found that the problem is on F MS.
The coverage of M900 is very good, F MS is always under M900 in idle
status. Therefore in a call, TCH assignment seldom fail, which will not result in high congestion rate. But in handover, problem is very likely to happen.
Thank You
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OMF000401 Case Analysis -- Handover

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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31160978-BSC Traffic Statistic Manual Volume I 31033203-BSS Troubleshooting Manual

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Upon completion of this course, you are supposed to be able to:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 4 Handover Cases

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Measurement Points of Intra BSC Handover

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Measurement Points of Intra BSC Handover

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Measurement Points of Inter-BSC Handover

Measurement Report Handover Required

Clear Command (HO successful)

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Measurement Points of Inter-BSC Handover

Allocate_HO_NUM Send_HO_Report Send_HO_Report_ACK HO-Request

Prepare_HO_ACK IAI ACM

Process_Access_Signalling Clear-Command Clear-Complete Send_End_Signal_ACK Send_End_Signal

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Measurement Points of Inter-BSC Handover

=(Successful incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers) / (Attempted

incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers)

=(Successful outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers ) / (Attempted

outgoing inter BSC inter cell handovers)

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Handover Data Process

Channel active 5 BTS2

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Handover Data Process

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Handover Data Process

cell and service cell is sent to MSC on the handover required.

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Analysis of Handover Problem

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Types of Handover Problems

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Locating Handover Problem

Board fault, transmission, clock, etc.

A interface, E interface, Abis interface

Causes of Handover Problem

Antenna and feeder system Base station hardware

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