Computer Application

PGDBA (Full Time) Trimester II Somil Mishra

Operating Systems
Operating System
An Operating System (OS) is a computer program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. At the foundation of all system software, the OS performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. It also may provide a graphical user interface for higher level functions.

Operating Systems

A typical vision of a computer architecture as a series of abstraction layers

Operating Systems
Evolution of Operating Systems
Machines armed with programs & data Machines preloaded with Support Libraries (each machine with a different OS, vendors developing OS) IBM developed S/360 in 1960s Development of DOS by Microsoft and Unix by AT&T in 1980s Development of GUI systems in late 1990s, Microsoft Windows, Apple MacOS and Linux Development of Network Operating Systems (NOS) in late 1990s like Windows NT, Win 2000 etc.

Operating Systems
CUI Vs. GUI Operating Systems
Character User Interface is a basic command-line interface between the user and the OS. A user has to learn and memorize the command in order to use the OS effectively. The commands are written in basic text form and applications are initialized using commands.

Operating Systems
Example of CUI based Operating Systems: MS-DOS, UNIX etc.

Operating Systems
CUI Vs. GUI Operating Systems
Graphical User Interface provides the user a much simpler interface where a user can use the mouse to point and click various icons, buttons and other visual control to interact with the OS. Here, the user is not required to remember any command and hence reduces the chances to make mistake. The GUI relies on various events performed by the user such as, mouse click, double click, mouse drag, mouse hover etc.

Operating Systems

An Organized Linux Desktop

Operating Systems

MacOS in action

Operating Systems

A typical Windows XP Desktop

Operating Systems Functions

OS Services Process Management

Memory Management
Disk and File Systems

Networking
Security Graphical User Interfaces Device Drivers

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating system was released in 2001 by Microsoft Corporation to combine the ease of use of Windows 9X family along with the security and networking capabilities of Windows NT/2000 operating systems. Windows XP is available in two flavors i.e. Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home editions.

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP automatically starts when you turn on your computer. You might be asked to enter your username and password. The Windows XP desktop uses a graphical user interface (GUI), which displays icons.

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating System

Desktop elements and description

Windows XP Operating System

My Computer icon, either on the desktop or on the start menu, is the central resource for all the devices connected in the computer system.

My Computer shows the contents of floppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM drive, and network drives. One can also search for and open files and folders, and gain access to options in Control Panel to modify your computer's settings.

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating System

Working with Files
Moving a file removes it from its current location and places it in a new location you specify Copying leaves the file in its current location and places a copy in the new location Windows XP provides several techniques for moving and copying files

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating System

Renaming a File or Folder
Right-click the icon representing the file or folder you wish to rename Click Rename on the shortcut menu Type the new filename and press the Enter key

Windows XP Operating System

Deleting a File or Folder
You should periodically delete files you no longer need so that your folders and disks dont get cluttered To delete a file or folder, right-click the file or folder you wish to delete and click Delete on the shortcut menu You can also delete a file or folder by selecting that file/folder and pressing the Delete button on the keyboard The Recycle Bin is an area on your hard drive that holds deleted files until you remove them permanently

Windows XP Operating System

Other Copying and Moving Techniques

Windows XP Operating System

Windows Explorer displays the hierarchical structure of files, folders, and drives on your computer. It also shows any network drives that have been mapped to drive letters on your computer. Using Windows Explorer, you can copy, move, rename, and search for files and folders. For example, you can open a folder that contains a file you want to copy or move, and then drag the file to another folder or another drive. The convenience provided by Windows Explorer is typically because of the two-pane window, where a folder in the directory structure and its contents can be viewed in single glance.

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating System

Control Panel
Control Panel is the primary resource for specialized tools that are used to change the way Windows looks and behaves.

Windows XP Operating System

Windows XP Operating System

Turning off the computer
Click Start, click Turn Off Computer, and then click Turn Off. This action shuts down Windows so that you can safely turn off the computer. Many computers turn off automatically after you complete the steps above.