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Efficiency & ability to apply the existing experience, knowledge or skill, to new learning process.
Process of conceptualization, generalization & proactive inhibition are the old learning process which influences the new learning process.
Occur daily, especially in school. Example, - Maths skill used to learn Science. - Language skill used to write letter & essey. It is a life-long process. (Career, social life)
Vertical transfer increase in experience which has been attained to a higher level, so that learning process can be upgraded further. Example, students should learn the skills of plus minus multiply divide
Bilateral transfer
Also is cross-training, learning transfer in skill and training such as physical education.
Training of right hand can increase the skill of left hand. Same as leg.
Conclusion, training by using left leg can enhance the skill right leg.
Taekwondo expert
Mediated Transfer
When an individual, who has learned a certain fixed respond from the external stimuli, used the respond as a medium to form a new response under the same category of previous stimuli. Example, drawing of human parts (drawing class) help to learn the name of human parts (science).
Example, learn to use bicycle. Fall down and ride again until success.
Retroactive inhibition subsequent new learning interferes previous learning. Example, learning of Mandarin language may cause students forgot the structure of English language.
Habitual inhibition old habit interferes the formation of new habit. Example, a student always study in silent situation. If the situation is noisy, his surely cannot concentrate.
Zero Transfer
Same as no learning transfer. A certain new learning situation base on old learning, where learning result is zero. Example, you dont know to swim. You see others swim. You cannot jump to swimming pool. See the skill of swim u can swim.
Principle of sufficient basic training the more basic exercises held in the early period of learning, the more likely that learning will take place. Example, swimming .
Principle of stimuli diversification if there are more diversified training during the early learning period, its more likely that learning transfer will occur in the new learning. Example, learning of BM & BI help students to learn Science & Maths
Principle of insight learning transfer is likely to occur with the use of insight and repeated training. Example, good in Maths (strong in basic) help in Add. Maths, Physic, Business.
Principle of learning set learning set acquired from a set of learning experiences, will facilitate learning transfer for the new learning. Example, English help to master Science and Maths subject
Generalization Theory
Principles that acquired through experiences is the main factor that facilitates learning transfer. Example, know the characteristic of dog. You wont get close to strange dog. But kids may do. Closely related to deduction method/induction method, used to form principles and facilitate learning transfer.
Transposition Theory
Emphasized the overall characteristics in human behavior/experience. Also is Relationship Theory. All element must organized to form an overall pattern. Not like Identical Elements Theory look on similar element. But, both theory contain spirit of cooperation & synthesis technique to defeat the opponent The playing field is like a battle field Players & soldiers
- Concept learning is a simple horizontal learning transfer. - Inquiry-discovery method provide opportunity to observe, find ascertain, think, analyze, interpret and finally discover concepts, principles, theorems, or laws.
- Experiences must well arranged: from basic to more complex. - Example, teach operation in addition -> subtraction, multiplication, division - Also consider relationship between subject for effective learning - Example, concept in Maths -> concept in Physic
Teach concept with suitable examples - Teaching & learning activities with examples help student to know more the concepts & principles taught.
- Example, teaching momentum concept required available experiment. - Concepts are abstract, concrete examples are better for students.