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If the node clocks in a telecommunication network operate asynchronously then the transmit and receive rates of telecommunication systems in each node would be different to the other nodes. In this case causing data a errors commonly referred to as slips.
It facilitates effective communication Synchronization is a corner to work enables mobile networks stone technology
Absolutely handover for continuous Stations performance operation of the network Successful essential between Base Between different telecom system and high Between different telecom operators Prevents cross-talks in mobile networks by synchronizing carrier frequency precisely At interconnects between Networks Provide QOS
3 Types of clock :
G.811 G.812 G.813 Primary Reference Clock (PRC) Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU) Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (SETS)
Slips
phase-deviation
time
Output interfaces: 2,048MHz (ITU-T Rec. G.703) 2,048Mbit/s (ITU-T Rec. G.703) Basic properties: Free-run Accuracy: Normative References: ITU-T Rec. G.811: 1x10-11
Input interfaces:
2048kHz (ITU-T G.703) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T G.703)
Output interfaces:
2048kHz (ITU-T G.703) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T G.703)
Basic properties:
Free run Accuracy: Holdover per day: Pull in Range: Wander Filtering: 1.6 x 10-8~ 4.6 x 10-6 /year 1.0 x 10-10 ~ 3.7 x 10-7 per day (for ageing) 0.016 ppm to 4.6 ppm. 0.001 Hz to 0.003 Hz.
Output signals:
T4, External reference signal 2048kHz [G.703] or 2048kbit/s [G.703/704]
Basic properties:
Free-run Accuracy: Holdover per day:
Pull in Range: Wander Filtering:
4.6 x 10-6
2 x 10-6/Day 4.6 ppm. 1-10 Hz
G.8xx
Description
Accuracy
0000
0010
Quality unknown
G.811 QL-PRC 1x10E-11 (highest quality) (highest quality)
Q-level Q5 Q1
0100
1000
G.812T (Transit)
G.812L (Local)
QL-SSUT
QL-SSUL
Q2
Q3
1011
1111 all other codes
QL-SEC
QL-DNU QL-INV
Q4
Q6
(invalid)
PRC G.811
Master Slave
SSU Node Clock G.812 SSU Node Clock G.812
Synchronization Chain
SSU: 1
PRC
SETS SETS
SSU: 2
SETS SETS
SSU
SSU
SETS
NE: 1
NE: n
NE: 1
NE: n
NE: 1
Distribution Methods.
For the distribution of the PRC signal to the network elements two methods are currently being used:
PRC
PRC
Distributed Master
Clock Loops.
GPS
1 PRC
1 SEC PRC
22 Dont Use SEC PRC 1 SEC Dont PRC use 1 SEC Dont PRC Use 1 Dont SEC Use PRC 2 Dont SEC PRC use
3 PRC
Method of Distribution
P1
PRC
P2
DHKJT
P3
PRC
PRC
DHLKB
CGPTL
PRC
SYLLB
PRC
PRC
BSCOS
BOBET
TimeSource 3600
GPS Antenna. Rubidium local oscillator.
The Goal: Get PRC/G.811 reference at all nodes. Result: All network element internal oscillators elevated to the
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