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  • Energy Sources Used in Poultry/Livestock Feeding

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    Junaid Khan
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    The document discusses various energy sources used in poultry and livestock feed, including cereals, cereal byproducts, industrial wastes, and fats/oils. Maize and wheat are the most important cereal energy sources, while byproducts like maize bran, wheat bran, and rice bran also provide energy. Other grains discussed include sorghum, millet, and barley. Industrial wastes like molasses provide energy and appetite stimulation. Fats and oils improve feed properties and provide dense energy, with inclusion rates typically 1-2% and vegetable oils being more expensive than tallow. Restrictions on inclusion levels aim to prevent issues like aflatoxins, fiber, and rancidity.

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    Cereal Grains

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    The document discusses various energy sources used in poultry and livestock feed, including cereals, cereal byproducts, industrial wastes, and fats/oils. Maize and wheat are the most important cereal energy sources, while byproducts like maize bran, wheat bran, and rice bran also provide energy. Other grains discussed include sorghum, millet, and barley. Industrial wastes like molasses provide energy and appetite stimulation. Fats and oils improve feed properties and provide dense energy, with inclusion rates typically 1-2% and vegetable oils being more expensive than tallow. Restrictions on inclusion levels aim to prevent issues like aflatoxins, fiber, and rancidity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    37 views19 pages

    Energy Sources Used in Poultry/Livestock Feeding

    Uploaded by

    Junaid Khan
    The document discusses various energy sources used in poultry and livestock feed, including cereals, cereal byproducts, industrial wastes, and fats/oils. Maize and wheat are the most important cereal energy sources, while byproducts like maize bran, wheat bran, and rice bran also provide energy. Other grains discussed include sorghum, millet, and barley. Industrial wastes like molasses provide energy and appetite stimulation. Fats and oils improve feed properties and provide dense energy, with inclusion rates typically 1-2% and vegetable oils being more expensive than tallow. Restrictions on inclusion levels aim to prevent issues like aflatoxins, fiber, and rancidity.

    Copyright:

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    of 19

    ENERGY SOURCES USED IN POULTRY/LIVESTOCK FEEDING

    1. 2. 3. 4. Cereals Cereal byproducts Industrial waste Fats and oil

    I) MAIZE (ZEA MAYS)


    It is most important energy source for poultry feed. Different local varieties of maize and areas

    MAIZE Inclusion Rate (%) = Restriction =

    10-50 Aflatoxin

    MAIZE BRAN Important by product of maize processing Also known as Buffalo Bran

    WHEAT (Triticum aestivum)


    A large number of varieties Used as staple food for human beings Important by products of wheat processing are Wheat Bran Wheat Middling's Wheat straw

    Inclusion rate of wheat (%) = 10-25 Inclusion rate of wheat bran (%) = 1-5 Restriction Wheat = Digestibility issue Wheat bran = Fiber, Phytates

    Rice (Or yza sativa)


    Rice unsuitable for human consumption can be used for poultry at lower level. Important by products rice processing industry Rice Tips Rice Middlings Rice Polish Rice Bran

    INCLUSION RATE
    Rice Tips (%) Rice Polish (%) Restriction Rice polishing = = = 20-50 10-15 Rancid fat, fiber

    SORGHUM / MILO (Sor ghum Vulgare)

    Light colored sorghum varieties are used as principal energy source. The sorghum plant are similar to maize in chemical composition. Energy is similar to maize. Protein: range from 7~10%. The quality of protein poor. Availability of amino acid is low in sorghum.

    Inclusion level of sorghum (%) Restriction

    = =

    5-10 tannins

    MILLET / BAJRA
    Millet are small grains. Bajra, Korra, Ragi, are millets varieties used for poultry

    Inclusion level (%) =

    30 - 60

    BARLEY / JAVI / JAO (Hor deum vulgare)


    Less suitable for poultry feeding Barley contains - Glucans Enzyme - Glucanase improves the nutritive value of barley

    Inclusion Rate (%) Restriction

    = =

    10 20 - Glucans

    INDUSTRIALS WASTES
    Molasses Molasses is a by product of the sugar refining industry. Energy level of molasses decreases as more & more sugar is extracted. Molasses is quantitated with a Brix number Molasses stimulate the appetite & reduce the dustiness of feed.

    Inclusion rate (%) Restriction

    = =

    less than 5% very high K content

    FATS & OILS


    Animal fats & vegetable oils are excellent sources of energy They reduce the dustiness, improve palatability & appearance of feed

    COMPOSITION OF FAT SOURCES


    Ingredient Tallow Poultry fat Vegetable oil Palm oil M.E (Kcal/kg) 7400 8200 8800 7100 Fat (%) 98 98 99 99

    INCLUSION LEVEL Tallow = Vegetable oil = Restriction = Price / kg (Rs.) of oil =

    1-2% 1-2% cost, rancidity 64 / lit.

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