Analysis of wire Dipole Antenna

The sum of the radiated field and the

excitation field must be zero on the surface
of perfectly conducting wire

For a very thin wire, circumferential current
can be neglected, and the total current is
approximated to .


z
E
i
z
E
i
z z
E E =
t | 2 0 , ,
2 2
s s = s s a
l
z
l
for
z
J
}
= =
t
t |
2
0
) ' ( 2 ) ' ( ) ' ( z aJz ad z J z I
z
Analysis of wire Dipole Antenna
The electric field produced by this current can
be derived from vector potential A

Where the vector potential is related to
current density through

Electric field is given by
A k A E j
2
0
. + VV = ec
z z z
J A k A = + V
2 2
(

+ =
z
z
z
A k
dz
A d
j
E
2
2
2
0
1
ec
Analysis of wire Dipole Antenna
The potential is determined by solving
through greens function method


Using [2] for gives

z
A
' ' ) ' ; ( ' ) ' ; (
'
2
2
2
0
dz ad z z G J ds z z G J A
s
l
l
z z z
|
t
}} } }

= =
z
J
} }

=
2
2
2
0
'
2
) ' ( '
2
1
l
l
jkr
z
ad
r
e
z I dz
a
A
t
|
t t
} }

=
2
2
2
0
'
2
) ' ( '
2
1
l
l
jkr
z
d
r
e
z I dz A
t
|
t t
Analysis of wire Dipole Antenna
Since the current at rf frequencies is
concentrated on the metal surface and the
observation point should also be on the
surface to satisfy the boundry conditon, the
expression for r is given by


Assuming current resides along axis of wire
2 2 2
) ' ( ) ' cos( 2 2 ( z z a a r + = | |
2 2
) ' ( )
2
'
sin( 4 ( z z a r + =
|
0 = | when
2 2
) ' ( )
2
'
sin( 4 ( z z a r + =
|
Analysis of wire Dipole Antenna
is now independent of


Using this expression in
' |
r
' ) ' , ( ) ' ( '
4
) ' (
2
2
2
2
dz z z G z I dz
r
e
z I A
l
l
l
l
jkr
z
} }

= =
t
' ) ' ( ) ' , (
) ' , ( 1
2
2
2
2
2
0
dz z I z z G k
z
z z G
j
E
l
l
z
(
(

+
c
c
=
}

ec
z
E
Analysis of wire Dipole Antenna
Integral equation obtained by equating the
above electric field with


For very thin wire the equation can be
simplified to pocklington integro-
differentiation equation
i
z
E
i
z
l
l
E dz z I z z G k
z
z z G
j
=
(
(

+
c
c
}

' ) ' ( ) ' , (

) ' , ( 1
2
2
2
2
2
0
ec
| |
i
z
l
l
jkr
E j dz kar a r jkr
r
e
z I
0
2 2 2
2
2
5
' ) ( ) 3 2 )( 1 (
4
) ' ( ec
t
= + +
}

a at =
a at =
Frill Magnetic current Model for
Excitation field
Excitation is modeled like the coaxial line
excitation of a monopole antenna through the
ground plane. The radial electric field in a
coaxial line is given by


Coaxial aperture is closed off with a perfect
conductor using the equivalence principle
) / ln( ' 2

a b
V
a E
s
f

= b a s s '
( )
(

=

2 1
2 1
ln 2
R
e
R
e
a
b
V
E
jkR jkR
i
i
z
2 2
1
a z R + =
2 2
2
b z R + =
MOM Solution
Integral equation

Where

Using pulse expansion for current and point
matching at the midpoints of segments

}

=
2
2
0
' ) ' ; ( ) ' (
l
l
i
z
E j dz z z k z I ec
a at =
( )( ) ( ) | |
2
2 2
5
3 2 1
4
) ' ; ( kar a r jkr
r
e
z z K
jkr
+ + =

t

}
=
A
~
N
n
z
m
i
z m n
n
z E j dz z z k a
1
0
) ( ' ) ' , ( ec N m ,... 2 , 1 =
MOM Solution
Where denotes the nth segment of the wire.




Where
Sum of electric field due to all N segments is set
to equal to the negative of the incident field


n
z A
}
A
=
n
z
m mn
dz z z k
j
I ' ) ' , (
1
0
ec
| |
}
A

+ + =
2
2
2 2 2
5
0
' ) ( ) 3 2 )( 1 (
4
1 1
z
z
z
z
jkr
n
n
dz kar a r jkr
r
e
j t ec
2 2
) ' ( z z a r
m
+ =
MOM Solution
Therefore

Or

Point matching at N points leads to a set of
simultaneous equations in N unknowns in
matrix form

=
~
N
n
m
i
z mm n
z E I
1
) ( o
) ( ... ...
3 3 2 2 1 1 m
i
z mn N mn n m m m
z E I I I I I ~ + + + + + + o o o o o
| || | | |
i
z
E I = o