Slip Resisting Bolted Connections

Source: Remi M. www.flickr.com/photos/remi_m

By: Joel Kerkhoff

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Outline

Introduction Uses History & Code dev.

Basic Theory
Code requirements Spreadsheet Research Testing @ UBC Conclusion Questions

Port Mann Bridge deck connection (Remi M. Flikr)

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Introduction
What is a slip-resisting connection?

Two components

source: unknown

Tensioned bolts Steel faying surfaces

A simple friction connection

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Where is it used?

Locations: Stress reversal / fatigue

Vibration Oversize/slotted holes Bolts & welds share load Where joint slippage is detrimental

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Where is it used? - examples

Source: www.eng.nus.edu.sg/EResnews/9711/nov97p1.html

Slot-bolted connection

Karuah Bridge, South Wales, Australia

(source www.rta.nsw.gov.au Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW)

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Where is it used? - examples

Source: www.pbase.com/geoff_c

Falkirk Wheel, Scotland

Source: www.lucs.org.uk/falkirk_wheel.htm

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History and code development

Historical Rivets Batho & Bateman 1934 RCRBSJ (now RCSC) 1947 ASTM 1949 American codes/guides: RCSC www.boltcouncil.org Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts AISC Guide to Design Criteria for Bolted and Riveted Joints (Kulak, Fisher, Struik)

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Basic Theory

Bolts provide the Normal Force (N) m depends on faying surfaces Vr = ks * [bolt tension]

Ff = mN

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction

Complexities in both factors.

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Canadian Code Design

CAN/CSA-S16.1-01 cl. 13.12.2

Vs = 0.53*c1*ks*m*n*Ab*Fu Fu = specified minimum tensile strength Ab = bolt cross sectional area n = number of bolts m = number of shear planes ks = mean slip coefficient c1 = 5th percentile coefficient Slip resistance is a Service Limit State Must design as regular bolt connection for Ultimate Limit States!
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Canadian Code Design

CAN/CSA-S16.1-01 Table 3 Contact Surface of bolted Parts Class Description A B C Clean Mill Scale, or blast-cleaned with Class A coatings Blast-cleaned, or blast-cleaned with Class B coatings Hot-dip galvanized with wire brushed surfaces Friction ks 0.33 0.5 0.4 c1 A325 bolt 0.82 0.89 0.9

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Excel Spreadsheet

Compute slip resistance Compute bolts for given shear Simplify user input Check for errors Eliminate need to use Blue Book

source: Microsoft

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Research

Ongoing
International

Source: www.nsel.cee.illinois.edu

Blast cleaned steel test sample

& 50kip clamping force

Source: www.nsel.cee.illinois.edu

Prof. J. Hajjar - University of Illinois

600 kip MTS Uniaxial testing Machine

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Testing at UBC

12 samples o As Is / Mill scale o Blast-cleaned 3 Samples left

100 Ton Baldwin testing machine Steel test sample

Image sources: Jalayer, Stiemer and Youn. Experimental Investigations of Slip Resistant Connections for Weathering Steel

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Testing at UBC - results

Surface Type Specimen Type Mean Slip Load [kips] Standard Dev COV

[kips] 9.0 5.1 7.9 2.4

Estimated ks [ ] 0.42 0.52 0.45 0.46

As Is As Is As Is Blast-cleaned
Surface Type As Is As Is As Is Blastcleaned

Plate-to-flange Plate-to-plate All specimens Plate-to-flange

Specimen Type Plate-to-flange Plate-to-plate All specimens Plate-to-flange

63.0 68.1 65.0 62.6

0.14 0.07 0.12 0.04

S16.01 ks 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.50

5th Percentile Coefficient of Friction [ ] 0.35 0.43 0.37 0.42

Table: Slip Test Results

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Data source: Jalayer, Stiemer and Youn. Experimental Investigations of Slip Resistant Connections for Weathering Steel

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Concluding comments
Summary Simple Complicated

Acknowledgements & Resources Professor Stiemer & Professor Youn

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G.L Kulak Various publications University of Illinois NSEL website test pictures Google for finding some of the pictures
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Questions

Source: www.ezdiyelectricity.com/?p=526

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