INVISIBLE WAVES

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CARRIERS OF ENERGY

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SOUND WAVES
1. When we speak, sound waves move outward

from us without any flow of air from one part of the medium to another. only be detected by eardrums or microphones.

2. The disturbances produced in the air can

3. These patterns which can move without the

actual physical transfer or flow of matter as a whole, are called waves. of signals propagate from one point to

4. In a wave, information and energy, in the

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TELEPHONE CONVERSATION

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Not all waves require a medium for propagation Click to edit Master subtitle style
Light waves can travel through vacuum.
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1.They are governed by

Central features of Mechanical Waves

Newtons Laws. 2.They can exist only in material medium, e.g. water, air and rock.
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Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light, ultraviolet light, radio waves, Click to edit Master subtitle style microwaves and X rays are common examples of electromagnetic waves.
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Electromagnetic waves
All types of electromagnetic waves travel at

the same speed through a vacuum (space).

The electromagnetic spectrum is continuous

but the wavelengths within it can be grouped into types of increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency:
gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible

light, infra red rays, microwaves and radio waves. Different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are reflected, absorbed or transmitted differently by 4/16/12

Electromagnetic waves
When radiation is absorbed the energy it

carries makes the substance which absorbs it hotter and may create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radiation itself.

Different wavelengths of electromagnetic

radiation have different effects on living cells. Some radiations mostly pass through soft tissue without being absorbed, some produce heat, some may cause cancerous changes and some may kill cells. These effects depend 4/16/12 on the type of radiation and the size of the

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Light forms a small part of a

large family of electromagnetic waves. You will know how light splits into the colours of the rainbow. The scientific term for this is a spectrum.
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The rest of the electromagnetic spectrum

is like this as well. Here is a picture that sums up the electromagnetic spectrum (emspectrum).

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WAVE FORMULA
Electromagnetic waves obey the wave formula:

wave speed = frequency wavelength

(metre/second, m/s) (hertz, Hz) (metre, m)
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Features of Electromagn etic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are like water

waves. They transfer energy from a source as waves. They have an electrical component and a magnetic component, but you don't need to know the details of them at this stage.

All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed

of light.

Speed of light (Physics code c) = 300 000 4/16/12

 Electromagnetic waves travel in

straight lines.
Unlike other types of wave,

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electromagnetic materials do not need a material to travel through. They travel in a vacuum, which is why we see light from the Sun, but don't hear

WAVELENGTH

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DEFINING WAVELENGTH

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Radio waves, microwaves, infra red and

USES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

visible light can be used for communication.

Microwaves can pass through the Earths

atmosphere and are used to send information to and from satellites and within mobile phone networks. signals along optical fibres and so travel in curved paths.

Infra red and visible light can be used to send

Communication signals may be analogue

(continuously varying) or digital (only on and off). Digital signals are less prone to 4/16/12 interference than analogue and can be

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In the string, a compression and rarefaction moves from one region to another, making Click to edit Master subtitle style the propagation of a disturbance possible in air. A compression increases the density by packing the molecules together, which then tend to move out to the adjoining region creating a compression there and a rarefied 4/16/12 region is created in the previous area.

The Transverse Wave

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Longitudinal Waves
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TRANSVERSE & LONGITUDINAL WAVES

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The Wave Equation There are three measured quantities in electromagnetic waves: Click to edit Master subtitle style The speed; The wavelength; The frequency.
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wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) wavelength (m) v=f The strange looking symbol that looks like an upside-down "y" is lambda, a Greek letter "l". It is the physics code for wavelength. The other codes 4/16/12
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What is the frequency of Radio 4 long wave that broadcasts at a wavelength of 1500 m?

c = f

We want the frequency so we must

rearrange: f = c/
f = 3 108 m/s 1500 m = 200

000 Hz = 200 kHz

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How Electromagnetic Waves Behave When an electromagnetic wave (radiation) hits a material, it can be: reflected, like light in a Click to edit Master subtitle style mirror; absorbed, like heat absorbed by a black surface; transmitted, or passed on, like light passing through 4/16/12

 GO TO FAVOURITES AND FIND USES OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES LIVE

1. Features of visible light waves. 2. Uses of gamma rays. 3. Uses of X-rays. 4. Uses of Ultraviolet rays. 5. Uses of Infra-red rays. 6. Uses of Microwaves rays. 7. Uses of Radio waves. 4/16/12

Features of visible light Light waves are a waves. of changing series

magnetic and electric fields where the changes in a magnetic field cause a change in electric field which causes another electric field. mixture of all colours of the visible spectrum.

White light is a

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It consists of waves

Uses of gamma rays.

Gamma Rays are very

high energy waves released in bursts from the nucleus of certain atoms like Uranium and Plutonium. energy and are highly radioactive.

They are a form of nuclear

Gamma rays are used to

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destroy cancer cells which are more sensitive to these rays than normal

Uses of X rays.
X rays are produced when fast moving

electrons lose energy suddenly e.g when smashing into a metal target. metals while long wavelength X rays penetrate flesh but not bone. body.

Short wavelength X rays penetrate dense

It is used to photograph the inside of the

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Uses of Microwaves.
Microwaves are

short wave radio waves generated by vibrating electrons in electrical devices.

They are easy to

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direct through ionosphere and hence are used for satellite communication and mobile phones.
Food strongly

absorb 4/16/12 microwaves,

Use of Ultraviolet UV radiation received from is waves the sunof a good source
vitamin D. However too much exposure causes damage to the skin resulting in suntan to more severe forms of skin cancer.
UV is used to kill

bacteria.

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Some washing

Use of Infra red rays

Click icon These rays have

to add picture frequency below red light

and give out heat. vibrating atoms or molecules.

They are released from

Hotter objects release

more infrared rays.

Remote control devices

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emit infrared rays which are detected by special components of TV. They

Use of Radio Waves

Radio waves are generated by oscillating

electrons e.g in a transmitting aerial.

Long radio waves are useful for

communicating around the Earth as they diffract along the Earths surface.Short radio wave stravel throughj ionosphere.

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