Presented By: Mian Naqib Jan Farman ullah

ANATOMICALLY NOSE IS DIVIDED AS EXTERNAL NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY ROOT DORSUM TIP ANTERIOR NARES NASAL SEPTUM COLUMELLA

Some features of external nose:

External nose is pyramidal in shape and maintained by skeletal framework External framework is made of bony and cartilaginous part Bony part are formed by nasal processes of frontal bone and ascending processes of the maxilla Cartilaginous part are formed by nasal cartilage and alar cartilages Skin over the external nose is thin in upper part and relatively thicker in lower part

Arterial supply of the external is from

Maxillary and opthalmic arteries

Nerve supply of external nose is from External nasal nerve Infratrochlear nerve Infraorbital nerve

Nasal cavity are two irregular cavities divided by nasal septum Nasal cavity is bounded by Floor Roof Medial wall Lateral wall

Floor is about 5cm long and 1.5 cm wide Floor is formed anteriorly by palatine process of maxilla and posteriorly by horizontal plate of palatine bone

Roof is about 7cm long and 1.5 wide Anterior slope is formed by nasal part of frontal bone and nasal cartilages Posterior slope is formed by inferior surface of body of sphenoid bone

Medial wall of nasal cavity is formed by nasal septum Nasal septum is formed by both bony and cartilaginous parts Bony part is mainly formed by Perpendicular plate of ethmoid above and vomer bone below and behind cartilaginous part is formed mainly by septal cartilage

Anterosuperior part is supplied by anterior ethmoidal artery Posteroinferior part is supplied by spenopalatine artery Anteroinferior part by the superior labial branch of facial artery Posterosuperior part by the greater palatine artery branch of 3rd part of maxillary artery

In the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum an anastamosis of arteries is present called kiessel Bachs plexus and the area is called little area The arteries taking part in this anastamosis are Sphenopalatine artery Greater palatine Superior labial branch of facial artery Anterior ethmoidal artery

Anterosuperior part is supplied by internal nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve Anteroinferior part by anterior superior alveolar nerve Posteroinferior part by nasopalatine branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion Posterosuperior part by medial posterior nasal branches of pterygopalatine ganglion Special sensory nerve is olfactory confined to upper part

Lateral wall of nose is irregular due to presence of three shelf like projections called conchae Conchae are three in number Superior Middle Inferior Three meatus are present below each concha

Superior meatus contain the opening of posterior ethmoidal cells Middle meatus contians the opening of maxillary sinus, anterior and middle ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus Inferior meatus receives the nasal opening of nasolacrimal duct

Anterosuperior part by anterior ethmoidal artery Anteroinferior part by branches of facial and greater palatine arteries Posterosuperior part by sphenopalatine artery Posteroinferior part by branches from greater palatine artery

Anterosuperior part by anterior ethmoidal nerve-branch of ophthalmic nerve Anteroinferior part by superior alveolar nerve Posterosuperior part by superior lateral nasal branches from pterygopalatine ganglion Posteroinferior part by greater palatine branch from ptergopalatine ganglion

DEFINATION Nasal discharge refers to fluid that comes from the nose and originates in the nasal septum. NATURE. The nasal discharge may be clear,blood .it may contain mucous, pus .

Nasal discharge occurs due to the irritation of the lining nasal passages Foreign bodies Parasites Fungal infections Nasal tumor Allergic reactions

Accumulation of secretions Difficulty in breathing Decreased air flow through upper respiratory tract The patient may have loss of appetite Reverse sneezing may occur if the irritations extend to back of throat

Nasal discharge is diagnosed by medical history and physical examination The cause of nasal discharge may be determined by diagnostic test Complete blood count [CBCs] Radiographs x rays of skull frequently required Rhinoscopy may help in the identification of nasal lesion Nasal biopsy can be performed

Antibiotics Antiparasitics Steroids Antifungal drugs