Oil and Natural Gas

Earth Science Honors

April 7, 2006
Block 1

Michael Chandler
Amelia Taylor
Alex Burke
Description of Oil and Natural Gas

• Oil: Any of numerous greasy easily

excited substances that are liquid
or can be liquefied easily on
heating, and are dissolved in ether
but not in water.

• Natural Gas: Gas coming up

from the earth's crust through
natural openings and wells.
How is it formed?

 The organic
materials were
deposited with mud
silt from streams
and rivers which will
harden over time
and form
sedimentary rock.
 Heat and pressure
transform the rock
into soft parts of http://api-
ec.api.org/about/index
plants and animals.
Where are Oil and Natural Gas
found?
 Originates from dead plants and
animals which died millions of years
ago
 Canada has large areas of petroleum

http://api-ec.api.org/about/index
 How are Oil and Natural Gas
extracted?
 Using a well, they extract it with tubing.
 This tubing extracts oil and gas hydrocarbons.

http://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/extraction_offshore.asp
 How are Oil and Natural Gas
refined for use?
Oil refining separates
everything into useful
substances. Chemists use
the following steps:

 Most common way to separate

things into various components
are fractions. This works as
using the differences in boiling
temperature this process is
process is called fractional
distillation.

 Others, in a process called http://science.howstuffwo

conversion, allowing a refinery
to turn diesel fuel into gasoline rks.com/oil-refining3.htm
depending on the demand for
gasoline.
How are Oil and Natural Gas
refined for use?

 Refineries must treat the fractions to

remove impurities.

 Then combine the various fractions

into mixtures.

 The products are stored on-site until

they can be delivered to various
markets: (gas stations, airports and
chemical plants)
Uses of Oil & Natural Gas

Oil:
 Fuel our automobiles
 Heat our homes
 Lubricate machines
Natural Gas:
 Heating buildings
 Heating water
 Cooking
 Drying clothes
 Lighting
 Industrial purposes

http://www.pge.com
Positive and Negative Effects of Oil
and Natural Gas

Positive:
 Resource

 Prices have
decreased
Negative:
 Oil prices

 Ozone Layer

 Nonrenewable

 Oil spills
References
 http://api-ec.api.org
 http://www.geol.sc.edu
 http://www.hardingcompany.com
 http://pge.com
 http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-
refining3.htm
 http://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/ext
raction_offshore.asp
 http://www.howstuffworks.com