Chapter 4

Composed of the numerous day-to-day activities that promote the well-being of individuals, families and communities. These activities are concerned with economic survival. Non-formal welfare efforts arises from culturally mandated obligations imposed on families, kin groups, neighborhoods, communities, and even whole cultures. They are found in all societies.
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1. Culturally determined obligations (through family, kin, friendship, neighborhood and community support. 2. Assistance to strangers mandated by religious obligations or cultural norms 3. Cooperative associations: funeral societies, credit societies, informal savings societies, etc . 4. Cooperative endeavors through which people promote community welfare. Ex. People may share labor, may collaborate to protect local interests. May work together to engage in festivals or other cultural activities that enhance community solidarity.
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 Religious organizations:
In Latin America, many orphanages, hospitals, and other residential institutions were established in colonial times by wealthy settlers as an act of religious piety religious organizations are involved in a great variety of social welfare endeavors in Latin America

Secular charities Secular charities first evolved in the United States The U.S. has the largest non-profit charitable sector in the world

 Provide social welfare services, but do so at a profit

Counselors Nursing homes Centers for people with developmental disabilities Home health

 Volunteer mutual aid efforts were organized in the 1700s

Philadelphia Society for Alleviating Miseries The Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society The New York Society for the Relief of Poor Widows Misc. church charities, etc

 Based on cultural heritage from Western Africa Tribal socialism everyone dependent on the tribe and interdependent Tribe provided food, shelter, clothing, protection, etc Emancipated slaves formed mutual aid societies for slaves and helped to care for the sick and bury the dead. After the civil war (1865), freed slaves created churches, political groups, mutual aid organizations, etc.

 Throughout American History there have been private social welfare efforts. As industrialization grew and people moved to the cities, Public Charities (supported by governments) were formed. The public arena (government) took on a major role in social welfare, although private welfare remained important.

 A welfare state is a country whose governments are extensively involved in social welfare services. Some examples:
U.S. UAE England France Sweden, etc.

 Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates all became welfare states for their citizens but not for foreign nationals legally resident or employed.

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