LECTURER: EN.

MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN SHAFIE

GROUP MEMBER: MOHAMAD AZWAN B. HUSSAIN CT SHUHANA BINTI BAHAYAHKHI SAIDATUL RABIAH BINTI MD FADZIL HASMAH BT IBERAHIM DE100042 CE100150 CE090047 CE090134

The Yagi-Uda array was invented in 1926 by Shintaro Uda of Tohoku Imperial University, Japan, with a lesser role played by his colleague Hidetsugu Yagi. The work was originally done by Shintaro Uda, but published in Japanese. The work was presented for the first time in English by Yagi (who was either Uda's professor or colleague) who went to America and gave the first English talks on the antenna, which led to its widespread use.

Hence, even though the antenna is often called a Yagi antenna, Uda probably invented it. Its one of the most famous and used directional parasitic antennas.

A picture of Professor Yagi with a Yagi-Uda antenna

The Yagi-Uda antenna is

directional antenna

designed to maximize reception over long distances. Generating a much higher signal-to-noise ratio than other antenna designs, the Yagi-Uda antenna has become the de factor standard in antenna applications in almost all stationary applications utilizing frequencies above 10 MHz.

A Yagi-Uda antenna is familiar as the commonest kind of terrestrial TV antenna to be found on the rooftops of houses. It is usually used at frequencies

between about 30MHz and 3GHz, or a wavelength range

of 10 metres to 10 cm.

Yagi antenna usually used at frequencies between about 30MHz and 3GHz

 This middle element is generically called the "driven element". This is because this is the only element that is connected directly to the radio, it actually drives the whole antenna.

The other two outer elements are generically called parasitic elements. One is called the Reflector and the other one is called the Director element.
These elements get their name from the job they do. The reflector reflects RF energy, the director directs RF energy.

Twin lead

Driven element with twin lead cable connection

Driven element with coaxial cable connection

 The entire range of radiation covering the frequencies from 0 to approximately 10^23 hertz. In order of decreasing frequency the radiation goes, cosmic rays, gamma rays, x-rays, UV radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves.

The element of a Yagi-Uda array that is connected to the signal generator. The remaining elements are known as directors or reflectors.

A simple antenna with two equal length rods extending outward from each other in a straight line. When current passes through the dipole, radiation is emitted.

 The element of a Yagi-Uda array that reflects the focused signal back toward the driven element.

The elements of a Yagi-Uda array that direct and focus the signal towards the driven element and reflector.

The distance it takes for a waveform to propagate one cycle.

The number of cycles a waveform completes in one second.

The measure of how much the signal is amplified by the antenna.

A term referring to electrical charge passing through a medium.

 Refers to the current that is produced in a medium when that medium is exposed to a magnetic field (and the medium is not directly coupled with the magnetic field source).

In the field of antenna design the term radiation

pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) refers to the directional (angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other source.

There is no magic circuit located inside the elements, they

are simply straight rods! The reflector element is typically 5 % longer than the driven element and the director is typically 5 % shorted than the driven element.

Schematic of the operating principle of the original YagiUda

antenna for radio frequencies.

Signal comes in-phase

Yagi-Uda antenna pattern (2D)

Signal comes outphase

Signal comes out-phase

We can even add more directors elements to increase the gain.

Adding more reflector elements has NO more effect on the gain of the antenna.

Yagi-Uda antenna pattern (2D)

 http://users.marktwain.net/aschmitz/anten

nas/calcantenna.html http://mapleleafcom.com/calculator_3elem ent_yagi.shtml

 www.authorstream.com/Presentation/sahara

n49-605897-antenna-ppt/ www.hamuniverse.com/yagibasics.html en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi-Uda_antenna signalengineering.com/ultimate/yagi.html www.authorstream.com/Presentation/sachin sachin-180517-basic-antenna-theoryconcepts-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/ mapleleafcom.com/calculator_3element_yag i.shtml www.changpuak.ch/electronics/yagi_uda_an tenna.php