Cellular Communication System

Presented by

Sohail Rabbani

Presentation Outline
Cellular System Mobile Radio System(Simplex,Half Duplex,Full Duplex) Channels (Voice and Control) Multiple Access

Cellular Communication
Cellular Systems

MSC

PSTN

Cellular Communication
Cluster

A cluster is a group of cells and value n or k represents the number of cells in a cluster. No channels are reused in a cluster.

Cellular System Architecture

Cellular Communication
Mobile Radio Systems
Mobile Radio system may be classified as :

Simplex

Half Duplex Full Duplex

Cellular Communication
Mobile Radio Systems
Simplex systems o Communication in only one direction. o Like paging systems where message is only received and not acknowledged. Half-Duplex systems o Two way communication using same radio channel. o So at a time user can only transmit or receive like Push to Talk and Release to Listen . Full-Duplex systems Simultaneous transmission and reception using two channels one for subscriber and one for base station. This is either FDD (separate channels), or TDD.

Cellular Communication
Cellular systems
The cellular communication is on full-duplex mode. It uses FDMA, TDMA or CDMA techniques depending upon the system being used. So the cell phone and base station transmit or communicate using dedicated paired frequencies called channels. A certain amount of bandwidth called offset separates these frequencies.

Cellular Communication
Channels

The combination of paired frequencies being used by cell phone and base station is called a channel. There are different type of channels. These are

Control channels Voice channels

Cellular Communication
Control Channels

These are also called setup channels. These channels carry only control information. Normally it is the first channel in each cell.

Responsible for call setup.

A call is established first through control channel and when it is assigned a voice channel this channel goes out of the screen.

Cellular Communication
Voice Channels

These handle the calls traffic. This traffic may be voice or data. So the two frequencies making the voice channel, handle

signaling during conversation.

In describing the capacity of a cell or sector, normally number of voice channels are described.

Cellular Communication
Path

The direction of information or traffic flow is described by the path. The base station transmitting frequency is called a forward path. While cells phone transmitting frequency is called the Reverse path.

The combination of two is called a channel.

Cellular Communication
Cellular Systems

Reverse Link

Forward Link
Control or Setup Channels Mobile Unit

Base Station

Propagation Path
Radio Propagation Environment

(1) Building-reflected wave (2) Diffracted wave (3) Direct wave (4) Ground-reflected wave

Multiple Access
Base Station

Forward link Reverse link Mobile Station

Mobile Station

Mobile Station

Mobile Station