SCSC 306: Grain, Fiber, & Oilseed Crops

Peanut Diseases & Insects

Wayne Smith Professor, Cotton Breeding Office: (979) 845-3450 Email: cwsmith@tamu.edu

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

OSU Extension

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

OSU Extension

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Number of rots affect peanuts. Limb rot is an example. Control of all of the rots are similar as shown below. OSU Extension photo/comments

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Photo: courtesy of OSU Coop. Ext. Service Root-knot nematodes can be effectively controlled with crop rotation; However, root-lesion nematodes are more Difficult to control. Crop rotation has not been effective in reducing levels of this species because it has a wide host range and can reproduce on most rotational crops .

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Leaf Spots

Leaf spots, caused by Cercospora or Cercosporidium fungi, are the most common and serious diseases of peanut. Control is by field sanitation and fungicides. (see next slide) [Photos from OSU Cooperative Extension]

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Early and Late Leafspots in peanut (slide 2)

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

OSU Cooperative Extension

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

Scerotinia Blight is probably the most serious disease of peanut in Texas Photos: OSU Extension

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

Management of Southern and Sclerotinia Blights

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases OSU Coop. Ext.

PSV is seed borne and aphid transmitted; Control is by avoiding seed not certified to be PSV free; no chemical nor host plant resistance (chemical control of aphid may help)

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases

Spread is vectored by thrips and thus control of thrips with insecticide may be mandated; not transmitted through seed. Photos: OSU Extension

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Examples of chemicals for control of peanut diseases , effectiveness, and livestock feeding restrictions.

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Examples of chemicals for control of peanut diseases , effectiveness, and livestock feeding restrictions.

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Examples of chemicals for control of peanut diseases , effectiveness, and livestock feeding restrictions.

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Examples of chemicals for control of peanut nematodes , effectiveness, and livestock feeding restrictions.

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Examples of genetic resistance to diseases (no feeding restrictions!)

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases Slide 2 of 2 showing cultivar reaction to diseases Examples of genetic resistance to diseases (slide 2 of 2)

SCSC 306: Peanut Diseases New releases by Olin Smith (deceased), Charlie Simpson, and Jim Starr have higher levels of resistance to Sclerotinia and rootknot nematodes TAMRUN 98: resistant to Sclerotinia

Cultivar Tamrun 98 Tamrun 96 Florunner

Lbs/ac 1993-1996 2570 2174 1471

Sclerotina rating 2.5 5.0 6.2

$/ac. 852 685 476

Production under sclerotinia pressure.

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut Lesser Corn Stalk Borer: attacks crown of plantmay result in plt. death Control: insecticide and irrigation to reduce degree of damage

Larvae above and right; adult male left Photos: UGA Extension

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut UGA Coop. Extension photos

Corn Earworm (also cotton bollworm)

Damage: feeds on foliage and apical meristems

Control: resistant cultivars; tillage after harvest to destroy pupae; insecticides

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut Peanut Insects: Cutworm, Agrotis spp. can attack peanuts, cutting seedling plants near ground level, feeding on foliage, and cutting pegs.

Southern Corn Rootworm (larvae of cucumber beetle) May feed on developing pods Control is cultural (any activity that will prevent wet soil surfaces) and chemical Photos: UGA Cooperative Extension

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut Wireworms (larvae of click beetle)

Symptoms: small, clean holes in developing pods, secondary infestation will cause pods to rot.

Control: avoid problem fields (click beetles tend to return to same fields???); soil applied insecticides as preventative applications is more successful than rescue applications. Photos: UGA Cooperative Extension More of problem in SE U.S.

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut

p.) as asc s: o ect pp m ins t (E nu ers a Pe pp fho a Le

Both adult and nymphs puncture the underside of leaves and suck out plant juices. Feeding injury causes stunting and leaf curl. During the process of feeding, the hoppers inject a toxin that causes "hopper burn. Dead leaves drop from plant producing an environment for disease development Control: Treatment for leafhoppers should be initiated when injury symptoms are numerous and leafhoppers are present in the field.

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut

Peanut insects: Three-cornered alfalfa hopper

Nymph

Symptoms: stem feeding will cut stems or scars will callus over and break, resulting in limb death and thus reduced yields Control: treatment should be initiated when injury and symptoms are present and numerous hoppers are found in the field.

Photos: UGA Coop. Extension

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut

Adults: ~ 2 mm Nymphs: 0.25 mm and up

Photos: UGA Coop. Ext. Service

Thrips: rasp the leaves and terminal buds with their sharp mouthparts and feed on the escaping juices. Leaves may turn brown on the edges, develop a silvery color, and may become distorted and curl or cup upward. Control: chemical; mostly to prevent Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (NOTE: chemical control is NOT USUALLY recommended in Texas because of the possible outbreak of other secondary insects)

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut Peanut insects: Spider mites: feed on under side of leaves causing upper surface to become speckled and yellow.

SCSC 306: Insects attacking peanut Insects most common in Texas 1. White grubs (larvae of June Beetle) 2. Thrips 3. Whitefly (silver leaf or sweet potato) 4. Lesser Corn Stalk Borer 5. variety of foliage feeders such as corn earworm, grasshoppers etc. (see following slide) 6. burrowing bugs

Chemical control is rarely necessary

SCSC 306:insects: Note days peanut Peanut: Insects attacking to harvest and grazing/hay requirements Example of chemical insect control and harvest/use restrictions