Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Sets

SUBMITTED BY: JATIN BUDHIRAJA ROLL NO. 9

Sub-topics:
Motivation History Fuzzy logic representation Crisp set Vs Fuzzy set Membership functions How Fuzzy logic is applied? Applications

Motivation
The term fuzzy logic refers to a logic of approximation. Boolean logic assumes that every fact is either entirely true or false. Fuzzy logic allows for varying degrees of truth. Computers can apply this logic to represent vague and imprecise ideas.

History
Lotfi Zadeh, at the University of California at Berkeley, first presented fuzzy logic in the mid1960's. Zadeh developed fuzzy logic as a way of processing data. Instead of requiring a data element to be either a member or non-member of a set, he introduced the idea of partial set membership. In 1974 Mamdani and Assilian used fuzzy logic to regulate a steam engine.

WHAT IS FUZZY LOGIC?

Definition of fuzzy
Fuzzy not clear, distinct, or precise; blurred

Definition of fuzzy logic

A form of knowledge representation suitable for notions that cannot be defined precisely, but which depend upon their contexts.

FUZZY LOGIC REPRESENTATION

For every problem must represent in terms of fuzzy sets.

Slowes t [ 0.0 0.25 ] Slow

[ 0.25 0.50 ]

Fast
[ 0.50 0.75 ]

Fastest
[ 0.75 1.00 ]

Misconceptions and Controversies

Fuzzy logic is same as imprecise logic Fuzzy logic is a new way of expressing probability. Fuzzy logic will be difficult to scale to larger problems.

Sets and Fuzzy Sets

Classical sets either an element
belongs to the set or it does not. Classical sets are also called crisp (sets). Fuzzy Set Theory: An object is either in a set, not in a set, or partially in a set. In fuzzy sets, membership is based on a degree between 0 and 1 0 = item not in set 1 = item is in set If degree is between 0 and 1, then this degree is the degree

Membership Functions
To determine what is the membership value of an object in a set, refer to membership functions of the objects attribute(s). For example, we may define our membership functions for the three sets Short, Medium and Tall
Membership Attribute is height Short
Medium Tall 0.0
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.55 1.8 1.9 2.0

1.0

0.5

Height (meters)

Crisp Logic Operations

A B 0 1 0 1 B 0 1 0 1 A and B 0 0 0 1 A or B 0 1 1 1 not A 1 0

AND

0 0 1 1 A

OR

0 0 1 1 A

NOT

0 1

Fuzzy Logic Operations

NOT: If Fuzzy Statement A is m true, then the statement Not A is (1.0 m) true. AND: If Fuzzy Statement A is m true, and Fuzzy Statement B is n true, then the Fuzzy Statement A and B is k true, where k = min(m,n). OR: If Fuzzy Statement A is m true, and Fuzzy Statement B is n true, then the Fuzzy Statement A or B is k true,

Rules
Crisp rule: Example: If Self is Tall and Enemy is Short, then Attack. The Condition of a Rule: The condition for this rule is: If Self is Tall and Enemy is Short Fuzzy rule: Example: If Self is Tall and Enemy is Short, then Attack. The condition of the rule once again is: If Self is Tall and Enemy is Short Suppose that Self is 0.3 Tall, and Enemy is 0.6 Short, then this condition is 0.3 True.

Building Fuzzy Systems

Crisp Input

Fuzzification Inference Composition

Fuzzification
Fuzzy Input

Input Membership Functions

Rule Evaluation
Fuzzy Output

Rules

Defuzzification

Defuzzification
Crisp Output

Output Membership Functions

Where is Fuzzy Logic used?

Fuzzy logic is used directly in very few applications. Most applications of fuzzy logic use it as the underlying logic system for decision support systems.

Fuzzy System Applications

Cement Kiln - first expert system to use fuzzy logic Sendai Subway - most celebrated fuzzy logic system Bullet train between Tokyo and Osaka

Applications Cont.
ABS Brakes Expert Systems Video Cameras Dishwashers Washing machines Bus Time Tables

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
The problem Change the speed of a heater fan, based on the room temperature and humidity. A temperature control system has four settings Cold, Cool, Warm, and Hot Humidity can be defined by: Low, Medium, and High Using this we can define the fuzzy set.

BENEFITS OF USING FUZZY LOGIC

Why Use Fuzzy Logic?

An Alternative Design Methodology Which Is Simpler, And Faster Fuzzy Logic reduces the design development cycle Fuzzy Logic simplifies design complexity Fuzzy Logic improves control performance Fuzzy Logic simplifies implementation Fuzzy Logic reduces hardware costs

Limitations of Fuzzy Logic

Stability Learning Fuzzy Logic control may not scale well to large or complex problems Verification and Validation requires extensive testing (as in any expert system).

CONCLUSION
Fuzzy logic provides an alternative way to represent linguistic and subjective attributes of the real world in computing. It is able to be applied to control systems and other applications in order to improve the efficiency and simplicity of the design process.