WORKSHOP ON ACCOUNTING OF IJARAH UNDER IFAS 2

Presentation By: Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Islamic Financial Services Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

OUTLINE

What is Ijarah? Difference of treatment Accounting by Bank as Lessor Purchase of asset and lease Additional treatments Sale and lease back transaction Operating Ijara; Sale and lease back transaction Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

What is Ijarah?

Ijarah is a contract whereby the owner of an asset, other than consumables, transfer its usufruct to another person for an agreed period for an agreed consideration. Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek / Ijarah wa Iqtina is an Ijarah transaction in which, the ownership of the subject asset, is expected to be transferred to the lessee after the end of the lease term. Ijarah and Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek are by nature purely leasing transactions in which the subject matter is the usufruct of the asset and not the amount of money as in case of a finance lease. In other words it is not a financing transaction and instead, it is a substitute to financing transactions.
Presentation By: Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Ijarah Difference of Treatment

The IFAS 2 issued by ICAP, as well as, the AAOIFI standard suggest the accounting treatment similar to an operating lease transactions with certain exceptions. On the other hand, the conventional banks, as well as, Islamic banks currently operating in Pakistan are accounting for Ijarah as a financing transaction, just like finance lease in accordance with IAS-17. Modarabas, are however, not following IAS-17.

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Ijarah Accounting by Islamic Bank as Lessor

Asset is recognized at historical cost and depreciated as per normal depreciation policy with an expected realizable value at the end. According to AAOIFI standard, these are presented as Investments in Ijarah Assets, while as per IFAS 2, these are included in property, plant and equipment with separate disclosure.

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Ijarah Accounting by Islamic Bank as Lessor

Depreciation has to be calculated in line with the methods allowed by IAS 16. Most suitable method is generally the straight line method because, the rentals are generally also accounted for on a straight line basis. Depreciation term shall generally be equal to the lease term, except where it is expected that the asset will be given on Ijarah again, to same or some other customer, in which case, the depreciable life shall be equal to the assets useful economic life.

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Ijarah Accounting by Islamic Bank as Lessor

Lease rentals including other associated charges and Ijarah related expenses are allocated proportionately in financial periods over the lease term. Initial direct cost is amortized over the lease term. However, IFAS-2 allows that the same may be charged to income as and when incurred. Repairs undertaken are recognized as expense. According to AAOIFI Standard, a provision for repairs is established if repairs are material and differ in amount from year to year.
Presentation By: Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Purchase of Assets and Lease

Lessor

Lease rentals of Rs. 12 million over lease term

Rs. 10 M

Records Assets at historical cost

Rs. 2+10 M

Lessee

Depreciation Repair and Maintenance including provision for repairs Expenses incidental to ownership

Deposit recorded as liability Monthly rentals recorded as revenue over the term (when due)

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Additional Treatments

IFAS 2 does not deal with Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek separately. Same accounting treatment should be applied as in case of Ijarah, as according to the substance of transaction, all the risks and rewards remain with the lessor. In case of expected selling price is Nil or fixed or equivalent to some pre agreed amount, the residual value for the purpose of depreciation should be equivalent to such amount.

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Impairment

In case where a leased asset has become impaired, that is when the expected future economic benefits from that asset are lower than its carrying amount, the IAS 36 shall be applied to work out the recoverable amount and any resultant impairment shall be recognized as a loss. Impairment provisions according to prudential regulations should also be recorded in addition to specific impairment as discussed above. However, the matter of applicability of prudential regulations needs certain clarifications from SBP.
Presentation By: Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Sale and Lease Back Transaction Operating Ijarah Lessees Perspective Sale price

Sale and lease back resulting into an Ijarah: If the sale price is same as that of its fair value any gain or loss shall be recognized in period in which such transaction occurs; and If the sale price is different from its fair value any gain or loss shall be amortized / allocated as an adjustment to Ijarah expenses over the lease term.
Presentation By:

Equal to fair value

Different from fair value

Gain or loss recognized in period in which transaction occurs

Gain or loss allocated as an adjustment to Ijarah expenses / amortized over the lease term

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.

Sale and Lease Back Transaction Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Lessees Perspective

According to AAOIFI Standard, in case of sale and lease back resulting into Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek, gains or losses resulting from sale shall be allocated as an adjustment to Ijarah expenses over the lease term.

Presentation By:

Omar Mustafa Ansari Partner Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co.