Level Of Service for Buses subtitle Click to edit Master

By Shalini Kanuganti style

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Introduction

Advantages of Buses it decreases the need for personal vehicles and thus relieves vehicular traffic congestion. it increases roadway capacity (persons/h). it provides an affordable, and for many people, necessary alternative to personalized modes, and it avoids driving stress and can be

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

4/28/12 (iv)

Need of LOS

In developed countries, where the demand for transit is low, the service authorities try to attract passengers attention by providing maximum possible LOS. In developing countries like India, the demand for transportation is very high in comparison to the supply. Operators do not care to provide reasonable LOS to the transit passengers In the absence of an adequate and efficient bus transit system, the potential bus users shift to personal vehicles.
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Objectives of present study are

To identify the service characteristics considered important by the city dwellers to determine the level of service provided by public bus system. To determine the weights put on the identified service characteristics by the regular users of bus system. Evaluation of level of service provided by public bus service in three different routes within the central area of the city. Development of level of service model for buses using maximum likelihood estimation theory.
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Selection of site
Three routes were selected randomly in Jaipur city center

Route 1 Route 2 Route 3

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Selection of Attributes

It is required to identify the service attributes which are considered important by the commuters so as to suggest improvement measures to provide higher LOS as compared to the existing situation The attribute characteristics have been categorised into three categories namely Quantity Quality Cost/revenue of the service

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Service characteristics(Attributes)
1. 2. 3.

Travel Cost (Rs.) [TC]

Total journey time (min) [TJ] Walking distance both at the origin (home to bus stop and destination stop to destination) (Km) [WD] Waiting time at bus stop (min) [WT ]

4.

5.

Punctuality and Reliability [P&R] 4/28/12

10.

Sufficient number of seats for women [SW ] Ventilation inside bus (i.e. air circulation) [V] Quality of Bus-stop: (Availability of seats at bus stops, shade from sun & rain, other facilities etc) [QBs ] Safety and security inside bus [ S&Sib ] Bus driver, conductor & co-passenger behaviour [D,C&Cb ]

11.

12.

13. 14.

15.

Route information (Route No. etc.) 4/28/12 Written on outside body of the bus [ Ri ]

Questionnaire

The comfort of riders has been identified as one of the top criteria that affect customers satisfaction with public transportation systems. It consists of two types of questions Socio-economic backgrounds of the respondents (age group, income group and sex, etc.) About the rating of the selected service attributes Very Good (highly satisfactory) Good
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1.

2.

= 5

= 4 = 3 = 2

Fair (Standard value) Satisfactory

Sex-wise Distribution of Respondents

Respondents from Route1 13 61 Route2 12 66 Route3 13 44

Sex Female Male

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Age Group Distribution

Age Groups in years Respondents from Route 1 Route 2 Route 3 5-18 18-25 25-45 45-60 >60
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13 41 24 12 2

9 38 17 8 0

2 39 13 5 1

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Income Group Distribution

Income Group in Rupees (Income per month) >25000 15001-25000 10001-15000 5001-10000 2501-5000 4/28/12 2500 Respondents from Route1 Route2 Route3

23 30 11 15 12 1

2 14 10 9 0 14

21 13 12 9 4 0

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Methodology

Psychometric analysis has been carried out on the responses given through questionnaire to assign a weightage to each attribute and aspect of quality Appropriate analysis of improvement of quality through weights of the attributes

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Relative weight of the Attribute

Relative weight of the Attribute= Average weight scored by the attribute

Sum total of the average scores of all attributes

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Relative Weights of various Attributes

Attributes Travel Cost (Rs.) Total journey time (min) Walking distance both at the origin (Km) Waiting time at bus stop (min) 5 Punctuality and Reliability 7 5 7 3 2 2 2 6 0 2 4.055556 3.166667 0.056809 0.044358 5 No of persons putting weights on 4 3 2 1 Average value Relative score Weight value (Wi) 3.166667 4.111111 0.044358 0.057588

3 7 6

3 7

8 3

2 1

2 0

4 5

6 5

1 3

1 0

3.722222 3.666667

0.05214 0.051362

Availability of seat

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Space available for standing inside the bus (space is less when the bus is overcrowded ) Comfort level of the seats Ease of boarding & alighting from bus (whether low floor or not) Sufficient number of seats for women Ventilation inside bus (i.e. air circulation)

5 6

7 7

6 3

0 2

0 0

3.944444 0.055253 3.944444 0.055253

4.055556 0.056809

3.666667 0.051362

4.166667 0.058366

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Quality of Bus-stop: (Availability of seats at bus stops, shade from sun & rain, other facilities etc) Safety and inside bus security 4 9 4 1 0 3.888889 0.054475

Bus driver, conductor & co-passenger behaviour Route information (Route No. etc.) Written on outside body of the bus

10

4.222222 0.059144

3.888889 0.054475

4.222222 0.059144

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Convenience in ticket purchasing system Condition & Cleanliness of Bus 8 4 4 2 0 4 0.056031

Noise level (both from vehicle and passengers) inside the bus Jerking inside the running bus

3.666667 0.051362

0 3

7 6

3 2

5 3

3 4

2.777778 0.038911 3.055556 0.042802 1 71.3888

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Definition of level of service:

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Service Levels of Buses for different Service levels of the attributes of the services under study routes Attributes
TC TJ WD WT P&R AS SA CS EB&A SW V QBs S&Sib D,C&Cb Ri Ct C&C N J Total 4/28/12 Relative weight values 0.044358 0.057588 0.05214 0.051362 0.056809 0.044358 0.055253 0.055253 0.056809 0.051362 0.058366 0.054475 0.059144 0.054475 0.059144 0.056031 0.051362 0.038911 0.042802 1 Scale Value Route1 Route2 0.029612 0.039689 0.034525 0.030817 0.039306 0.028893 0.048832 0.045397 0.048365 0.024848 0.050952 0.041371 0.048594 0.037396 0.044917 0.045885 0.026097 0.027868 0.030192 0.723557 0.030229 0.032479 0.027761 0.028626 0.033938 0.02696 0.032865 0.030712 0.036777 0.027615 0.041993 0.030729 0.036715 0.035154 0.029493 0.035978 0.02975 0.023447 0.024347 0.59557 Route3 0.028794 0.041044 0.036407 0.036504 0.042059 0.031751 0.047557 0.047304 0.047241 0.024467 0.05006 0.036125 0.045655 0.040467 0.041508 0.042824 0.031184 0.028016 0.03334 0.732307

Level of service

Route1 - 0.723 (Above acceptable level 0.6) Route2 - 0.595 ( very close to 0.6 ) Route3 0.732(Above acceptable level 0.6) The LOS of an attribute for a route of bus service has also been considered as 60percent of the theoretically possible maximum value LOSi

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Deficiency of service Levels from the Acceptance Levels the acceptance level Attributes Deficiency of the score from
TC TJ WD WT P&R AS SA CS EB&A SW V QBs S&Sib D,C&Cb Ri Ct C&C N J 4/28/12 Total Relative weight values 0.026615 0.034553 0.031284 0.030817 0.034086 0.026615 0.033152 0.033152 0.034086 0.030817 0.035019 0.032685 0.035486 0.032685 0.035486 0.033619 0.030817 0.023346 0.025681 0.6 Scale Value Route1 Route2 -0.003 -0.00514 -0.00324 0 -0.00522 -0.00228 -0.01568 -0.01225 -0.01428 0.005969 -0.01593 -0.00869 -0.01311 -0.00471 -0.00943 -0.01227 0.00472 -0.00452 -0.00451 -0.12356 -0.00361 0.002073 0.003523 0.002191 0.000148 -0.00035 0.000287 0.00244 -0.00269 0.003202 -0.00697 0.001956 -0.00123 -0.00247 0.005993 -0.00236 0.001067 -0.0001 0.001334 0.00443 Route3 -0.00218 -0.00649 -0.00512 -0.00569 -0.00797 -0.00514 -0.01441 -0.01415 -0.01316 0.00635 -0.01504 -0.00344 -0.01017 -0.00778 -0.00602 -0.00921 -0.00037 -0.00467 -0.00766 -0.13231

Conclusion

The LOS of a particular service can be improved by improving its attributes service level Route 1 Condition & Cleanliness of Bus [C&C] Sufficient number of seats for women [SW ] Route2 Total journey time (min) [TJ] Walking distance both at the origin (home to bus stop and destination stop to destination) (Km) [WD] time at bus stop (min) [WT ]

1.

2. .

1.

2.

3.

Waiting 4/28/12

6.

Comfort level of the seats ( you can sit comfortably with enough leg room and side space ) [CS ] Sufficient number of seats for women [SW ] Quality of Bus-stop: (Availability of seats at bus stops, shade from sun & rain, other facilities etc) [QBs ] Route information (Route No. etc.) Written on outside body of the bus [ Ri ] Jerking inside the running bus [J] Condition & Cleanliness of Bus [C&C] Route 3
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7.

8.

9.

10.

11. .

1.

Sufficient number of seats for women [SW ]

Development of Level of Service Model

Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation theory

Developing a joint probability density function of the observed sample, called the likelihood function. Estimating parameter values which maximize the likelihood function Bus LOS = a1 f (Travel Cost) + a2 f (Total journey time)+ a3 f (Walking distance) + a4 f (Waiting time+ a5 f (Punctuality and Reliability) + +an f (xn)+ C

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