Decade of the reconstruction 1867-77: First time in history that blacks occupied elective offices.

Civil rights movement 1955-1965: The essence of this period is the purity and morality of the civil rights movement of non -violent protest. Civil rights movement 1965-1979: Moving into other areas of leadership, politics, economics and government

 Racial

segregation: By law, public facilities and government services such as education were divided into separate "white" and "colored" domains Black voters were forced off the voting rolls. The number of African American voters dropped dramatically, and they no longer were able to elect representatives.

Disfranchisement:

 Exploitation:

Increased economic oppression of blacks, Latinos and Asians, denial of economic opportunities and widespread of employment discrimination.
Individual, police, organizational, and mass racial violence against blacks.

Violence:

 The

reconstruction program abolished the white governments in the Confederate states and gave power to the rulers of the five military districts of the Confederacy. At that time the 13th,14th and 15th amendments were constitutional legacies of the reconstruction and blacks were allowed to vote

BY THE END OF 19TH CENTURY THE INFLUENCED OF BLACKS IN SOUTHERN POLITICS WAS VIRTUALLY NONEXISTENT

African-American civil rights organization formed in 1909. Mission: ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.

W.E.B Du Bois

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Direct action Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott 19551956 Marthin Luther King and the SCLC Greensboro sit-ins 1960 Ocuppy stores and public places SNNC and the freedom rides

 Birminghams

Campaign 1963-1964

Buildings ocupations, protests in churches and

marchs. Kings detention Letter from Birminghan jail The Children Crusades Kennedys support
Washington

March 1963

For Civil Rights Law approval

Kings speech

 Non-violent

massive mobilizations Claiming civil rights recognition to vote Next step materializing it Civil rights No longer a moral issue but a political and economic issue

 The

Congress of US passed the Voting Rights Act in August 1965. was a landmark victory in the battle for African American equality.

It

Black Power was a form of both self-definition and self-defense for African Americans. It called on them to stop looking to the institutions of white America act for themselves, by themselves, to seize the gains they desired, including better jobs, housing and education.

Within the Black Power is founded in 1966 the Black Panther Party.

THE TEN POINTS PROGRAM

10. We wantdecentbread, want power tofromto clothing, tried land, housing, when brought military be 6. 1. We want allblack We housing, education, trial to service. 4. We want freedom.men to be for shelter of humanthe all black peoplefit exempt determine beings. 9. justice want peace.ofCommunity. police brutalityfrom murder 7. court by anblack their end to destiny of our jury And aspeermajor that exposes the a 5. We and education for our people political objective,true in a immediate our group or people and their Unitedwant full employment for our the Constitution education of black people. 2. We of this decadent defined by people.held throughout nature communities, as American society. We want of the black Nations-supervised plebiscite to be the black colonyourwhich only black our role in man ofstate, United States. in for history and held in federal, our 8. 3. We want freedomtrue all black menthe white the presentthat teachesan end to the robbery bycolonial subjects will be us allowed to participate for the purpose of determining the will county and black Community. to their national day society.city prisons and jails. destiny. of black people as
l

Beginning in the 1960s, the term affirmative action was used to refer to policies and initiatives aimed at compensating for past discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion or national origin. Over the next decades, the Court has limited the scope of affirmative action programs, while several US states prohibited racially based affirmative action.

Historical background of racial segregation, disfranchisement, exploitation and violence By 70s black leaders are gaining public offices and achieving more positions of influence From latest 60s civil rights movements took other direction towards electoral politics and economics arena

acts of non-violent protest and civil disobedience such as boycotts, sit-ins and marches during the 50s and 60s

Great legislative achievements such as Civil rights Act of 1964, Voting right act of 1965 among others.

We are unique in America because we can choose whether to try to change this country by taking up the bullet or taking up the ballot ..

Malcolm X

 Introduction

Traditional view Historical development Common points Anti-feminist feminism Conclusion FEMINISM

MEN ARE THE BREAD-WINNERS; WOMEN ARE THE BREAD-BAKERS

BEGINNING OF FRENCH REVOLUTION ABOLITION MOVEMENT 1789-1799 USA 1830

Great War 1914

2nd HALF 20th CENTURY

Nancy Cott said that The Feminist Movement became more Womens hands were needed important: in order to help to carry on this situation. Not only legally recognized but socially.

 Focused

on the problem that has no name. 50% to 70% of women complained about their situations at work Demands: - control over their bodies - decision whether to reproduce.

By the early 1970s, the advances of the civil rights movement had combined with the rise of the feminist movement to create an African-American women's movement. The National Black Feminist Organization was founded in 1973. Shirley Chisholm became the first black woman in Congress in 1968.

 Elizabeth A.

Sadowski: traditional woman who was against abortion.

Donna

Carlson: considered Feminists as selfish individuals.

Elizabeth Bird

Broder, David S. Changing of the Guard, excerpts Donaldson, Gary A. The Second Reconstruction: A History of the Modern Civil Rights Movement. (Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing, 2000) Jonas, Gilbert. Freedoms Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle Against Racism in America,1909-1969 (New York: Routledge, 2005) Brown v. Board of Education,1954, excerpts Montgomery bus boycott 1955-56, excerpts Selma to Montgomery marches excerpts Mujeres en el mundo. Historia, retos y movimientos (Mary Nash alianza editorial). http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Man ifestos/Panther_platform.html http://www.history.com/interactives/black-history-timeline http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_por_los_derechos_civiles_en_Est ados_Unidos http://clio.rediris.es/udidactica/sufragismo2/inicfemusa.htm http://www.monografias.com/trabajos20/movimientofeminista/movimiento-feminista.shtml http://www.mujeresenred.net/historia-feminismo3.html