By:AMIT S.

HAUGAR

 Introduction Description of Concepts The Vis-Key System System Architecture Calibration Image Acquisition Filtering of the Eye component The First Algorithm The Second Algorithm The Third Algorithm

 Preprocessing Segmentation Recognition & Interpretation Knowledge Base

Design Constraints
Alternatives Conclusion

VIS-KEY (Visual Keyboard)

It is an input device, & is based on eye scanning techniques that allows people with severe motor disabilities to use gaze for selecting specific areas on a computer screen.

 Vis-Key aims at replacing the conventional hardware

keyboard with a Visual Keyboard that consists of eye scanning cameras.

The camera scans the image of the character, allowing

users to "type" on a monitor as they look at the Visual Keyboard.

The Visual Keyboard falls under the category of

cybernetics Human Computer Interfaces.

The strong points of this approach are simplicity and

novelty.

The Eye

 Average diameter 20mm approximately.

The 3 membranes
o Cornea & Sclera o Choroid layer o Retina

There are two classes of receptors Cones and Rods . These cones can resolve fine details because they are

connected to its very own nerve end .

Rods give a general overall picture of the view and not

much inclined towards colour recognition .

Personal Computer Vis-Key Layout Chart High resolution Camera

Good control of one eye Adequate vision Ability to maintain a position in front of the Vis-Key monitor

 The calibration procedure aims at initializing the

system.
Black background.

Camera position is below the PC monitor .

The users face should be very well illuminated. Shadows should not be present on the Users face.

 The Camera image acquisition is

implemented via the Functions of the AviCap window class.

The output of the camera is fed to a Analog

to Digital converter (digitizer) and digitizes it.

 The First Algorithm whose goal is to identify the face position, is applied only to the first image, and the result will be used for processing the successive images.

 The Second

Algorithm
starting from the resulting image, the Second algorithm extracts the information about the eye position (both left and right) pixels.

 The Third

Algorithm
extracts the position of the center of the pupil from the right eye image. The Iris identification procedure uses the same approach of the previous algorithm.

 The key function of preprocessing is to improve

the image .
Preprocessing deals with 3 important techniques o Enhance the contrast of the image. o Eliminate/minimize the effect of noise on the

image. o Isolate regions whose texture indicates likelihood to alphanumeric information.

 Segmentation broadly defines the

partitioning of an input image into its constituent parts or objects.

The key role of segmentation is to extract

individual characters from the problem domain.

 Recognition is the process that assigns a label

to an object based on the information provided by its descriptors.

Interpretation involves assigning a meaning to

an ensemble of recognized objects.

 Knowledge about a particular problem domain can be

coded into an image processing system in the form of a Knowledge database.

The key distinction of this knowledge base is that it, in

addition to guiding the operation of various components, facilitates feedback operations between the various modules of the system.

 The need for a very high resolution camera calls for a

high initial investment.

The accuracy and the processing capabilities of the

algorithm is very much liable to quality of the input.

It needs recalibration each time the user looks away

from the computer.

Dasher, the prototype program that taps into the natural gaze of the eye and makes predictable words and phrases simpler to write.

LC technologies have recently developed a Portable Eyegaze System. The Portable Eyegaze System can be mounted on a wheelchair and run from a 12-volt battery or wall outlet. It weighs only 2.7 kg and its dimensions are 6.5cm x20cm x23cm.

 This model is a novel idea and the first of its kind

in the making.

Also it opens a new dimension to how we perceive

the world and should prove to be a critical technological breakthrough considering the fact that there has not been sufficient research in this field of Eye scanning.
technologies to hit the market.

If implemented, it will be one of the awe-inspiring

Tan Q