ELECTRONIC NOSE

Submitted by: Ranjana upadhayay Ec iiird year 2010-2013

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION HISTORY CONSTRUCTION WORKING PRINCIPLE APPLICATION FUTURE PROSPECTS ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATION CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Electronic nose or (e nose) is device that identifies the specific Components of an Odour and analyzes its chemical makeup to Identify it. An electronic or artificial nose is an instrument, which comprises a sampling system, an array of chemical gas sensors and pattern recognition algorithm.

Multisensory with artificial intelligence that emulates human sense of smell.

It is capable of qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of simple or complex gases,vapours or odours.

HISTORY
First appeared in a paper by Persuade and Dodd (1982).

This was followed by several advancement in sensor technology.

CONSTRUCTION
MAIN COMPONENTS OF E NOSE
SENSING SYSTEM
PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEM

SUB COMPONENTS
1.SAMPLE DELIVERY SYSTEM
2. DETECTION SYSTEM
3. COMPUTING SYSTEM
INPUT ODOUR SAMPLE DELIVERY SYSTEM DETECTION SYSTEM COMPUTING SYSTEM DETECTED ODOUR

E NOSE DIAGRAM

Sample Delivery System

Enables the generation of the headspace (volatile compounds) of a sample. Injects this headspace into the detection system of the electronic nose. To guarantee constant operating conditions.

Detection System
Array of different sensors Each sensor has different sensitivity to different gases Produces a pattern characteristic of the odour

Fig. Response of sensor array to different pure chemicals

Fig. Sensor array

Types of sensors
Conductivity Sensors Piezoelectric Sensors MOSFET Sensors Optical Sensors

Conductivity Sensors
(a) Metal Oxide Sensor
Oxides of tin, zinc, titanium etc. doped with platinum Active material Doped material deposited between two metal contacts over a resistive heating element Operating temp.: 200C-400C As VOC passes over the active material, resistance changes Resistance changes in proportion to the concentration of the VOC.

Conductivity Sensors
(b) Polymer Sensor
Active material is a conducting polymer e.g. Polyp roles , thiophenes , indoles etc When exposed, chemicals forms bond with polymers Bonding may be ionic or covalent Transfer of electrons along polymer chain is affected, i.e. conductivity changes Operate at ambient temperature, no heater required

Piezoelectric Sensors
Consists of a resonating disk with metal electrodes on each side connected to lead wire Resonates at a characteristic frequency (10-30 MHz) when excited with an oscillating signal Polymer coating serves as sensing material Gas adsorbed at the surface of the polymer increases the mass, reduces resonance frequency Reduction is inversely proportional to mass adsorbed by the polymer

MOSFET Sensors
Gate is covered by noble metal catalyst, e.g. platinum, palladium, or iridium Charge applied to the gate leads to current flow from source to drain VOCs sweeping over the catalyst forms products that alter the sensor's gate charge Channel conductivity varies

Optical Sensors
Glass fibre coated on its sides & ends with a thin active material containing fluorescent dyes Pulse of light from an external source propagates along the fibre VOCs can alter the polarity of the dyes Dyes responds by shifting fluorescent spectrum of the light Simple fabrication- Fluorescent dyes can easily be coupled

Computing system
Combine the responses of all the sensors which represent the Input for the data treatment ,it then performs global finger print analysis and provides results.

Data interpretation systems are used for the analysis of results. These systems include artificial neural network(ANN), fuzzy logic, pattern recognition modules.

Neural network

A neural network is an information processing paradigm, inspired by the biological nervous system, such as brain. It is composed of large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) working in parallel to solve specific problems.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
Comparision of E-NOSE with human nose

Working
In a typical e-nose, an air sample is pulled by a vacuum pump through a tube into a small chamber housing the electronic sensor array. A sample-handling unit exposes the sensors to the odorant, producing a transient response as the VOCs interact with the active material. The sensor response is recorded and delivered to the Signal-processing unit. In processing unit by pattern recognition method smell is checked.

APPLICATIONS
Environmental application (air quality, gas emission levels of factories, chemical plant monitoring etc.) Food application (coffee, fermentation process, identification of bacteria etc Medical application (urine, skin, breathe odour analysis, ulcer monitoring etc) crime prevention and security (detecting bombs)

 R&D LABORATORIES

Quality Control laboratories

FUTURE PROSPECTS
MULTMEDIA APPLICATION Research is being done on IC E-Noses Miniaturizing current Technology Improvement in sensitivity for lower levels of organisms or smaller samples Minimizing cost

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATION

ADVANTAGES Do not get fatigue or the flu. Can detect toxic and

hazardous situations. Can used for the boring or repetative task.

Limitation
The sensors work well if they are kept under constant

conditions Tends to lose sensitivity with high concentration ,e.g. beer alcohol, calibration and drift problems. According to application E-NOSE changes.

Conclusion
Humans are not well suited for repetitive tasks. Electronic nose has the potential to become standard tool for smelling. Electronic nose technology is still in its development phase. It could be a life altering and even a life saving tool.