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AP Biology
AP Biology
diffusion
aa
CH O2
aa
NH3
CO2
NH3
CO2 CO2
O2
NH3
aa
CHO
CO2
CHO
NH3
O2 aa
CH
NH3
CO2
CO2
NH3
CO2
CH
NH3
NH3
CO2 CO2
NH3
CHO
O2
AP Biology
aa
aa
In circulation
What needs to be transported
respiratory gases
O2 & CO2 from & to gas exchange systems: lungs, gills
intracellular waste
waste products from cells water, salts, nitrogenous wastes (urea)
protective agents
immune defenses white blood cells & antibodies blood clotting agents
regulatory molecules
hormones
AP Biology
open
closed
hemolymph AP Biology
blood
invertebrates
insects,
arthropods, mollusks
Structure
AP Biology
invertebrates
earthworms, squid,
octopuses
vertebrates
Structure
low O2 to body
fish 2 chamber
amphibian 3 chamber
reptiles 3 chamber
Birds AND mammals! Wassssup?!
V A
A V
A V
A V
AP Biology
herbivores
endothermy
can colonize more habitats
flight
decrease predation & increase prey
capture
endothermic animals need 10x energy AP Biology need to deliver 10x fuel & O2 to cells
convergent evolution
Blood vessels
AP Biology
Blood vessels
arteries arterioles
venules arterioles veins artery
AP Biology
thicker walls
provide strength for high
Veins: Built for low pressure flow Blood flows toward heart Veins
thinner-walled wider diameter
Open valve
valves
in larger veins one-way valves
diffusion
exchange between
AP Biology
Why?
sphincters closed
Lymphatic capillary
Blood flow
Capillary
AP Biology
Arteriole
Venule
Lymphatic system
Parallel circulatory system
concentration of blood drains into circulatory system near junction of vena cava & right atrium
AP Biology
Lymph system
lymph vessels
(intertwined amongst blood vessels)
lymph node
AP Biology
Mammalian circulation
systemic
pulmonary
systemic
Mammalian heart
Coronary arteries
AP Biology
Coronary arteries
bypass surgery
AP Biology
Heart valves
4 valves in the heart
flaps of connective tissue prevent backflow between atrium & ventricle keeps blood from flowing back into atria when ventricles contract
lub
AV
SL AV
Semilunar valves
between ventricle & arteries prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles while they are relaxing
dub
AP Biology
SL AV AV
closed AV valves
Dub
recoil of blood against
semilunar valves
Heart murmur
defect in valves causes hissing sound when stream of blood squirts backward through valve
AP Biology
relaxation phase
diastole atria refill with blood
110 ____ 70
if top number (systolic pumping) > 150 if bottom number (diastolic filling) > 90