IRRI Rice Seminar Series Abdelbagi M.

Ismail

Current position: Principal Scientist-Plant Physiologist; STRASA Coordinator

Education and training:
Ph.D. Botany; University of California, Riverside MSc, Water relations, Univ. Of Khartoum BSc, Agronomy, Univ. of Khartoum June, 1992 January, 1987 June, 1983

Work experience
Jan 2012- present 2004 2011 2000 2004 1992 2000 Principal Scientist, Plant Physiologist; IRRI Senior Scientist, Plant Physiologist; IRRI Scientist, Plant Physiologist, IRRI Post-graduate Plant Physiologist; UC, Riverside, USA Research highlights: Help in the development of varieties tolerant of major abiotic stress; emphasizing submergence (germination, vegetative stages, stagnant flooding) and salinity/other soil problems. Our team develop phenotyping protocols, identify and characterize donors, study bases of tolerance, support breeding, evaluation and outscaling, and develop strategies for managing the new tolerant varieties to maximize their benefits in farmers fields.

The STRASA project reversing the adverse

Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Uma S. Singh and STRASA Team

Outlines:
Overview of STRASA STRASA products Outreach: partnerships in evaluation, seed multiplication and dissemination Targeting and awareness Tracking and impacts Policy influence and success elements

Overview of the STRASA

Phase I: late 2007 to March 2011 3 countries in South Asia (Indian, Nepal, Bangladesh) and 14 in Africa Phase II: April 2011 to March 2014 3 countries in S. Asia and 18 in Africa Phase III: ?

Objectives of Phase 2
A. Germplasm development
Drought tolerant rice Submergence tolerant rice Salt tolerant rice (& other soil problems)
Identify tolerant donors, Elucidate bases of tolerance & QTLs/genes involved Develop and test tolerant lines with farmers

Objectives
B. Delivery and Impact
Scale up seed multiplication, dissemination, varietal tracking, adoption, and impact assessment Enhance the capacity of researchers, seed producers, and extension agents Ensure communication among partners & provide timely information to governments & the public C. Project management: monitor project progress and ensure timely achievement of milestones and reporting

Intermediate Goal: vision of success of Phase 2 Asia

Farmers reached 4,600,000 Seeds (tons)

Africa
400,000 10,000

Total 5.000.000 35,000

25,000

~75,000 t of seeds produced through informal systems ~ 20 million farmers reached over 10 years

Drought

Floods

Salt stress

Products: Breeding stress tolerant varieties Drought tolerant varieties

Six drought tolerant varieties released during 2009-11 Yield advantage of 0.8 -1.2 t ha-1 under moderate to severe drought, but with no penalty under non-stress conditions

Sahbhagi dhan in India

Tarharra 1 in Nepal

Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines

Sahbhagi Dhan; a drought tolerant variety released in India, Bangladesh and Nepal

Progress in drought breeding

Five major QTLs (DTY1.1, DTY2.2, DTY8.1, DTY9.1 & DTY12.1) for grain yield being targeted for breeding Introgression lines with 0.5 to 1.0 t ha-1 higher than IR64 & Swarna under drought but similar yield under control conditions IR64 NILs with yield advantage of 0.7 to 1.2 t ha-1 under drought, with similar grain quality Vandna NILs with yield advantage of 0.3 to 0.5 t ha-1 under drought

IR64

IR64 NILs

Swarna-Sub1 lLs with DTY QTLs

Swarna sub 1

Swarna-Sub1 lLs with DTY QTLs

Swarna-Sub1 + drought Arvind Kumar

Drought phenotyping strengthened at IRRI (infrared thermography & NDVI)

2010 Prototype sensor rack for IRRI rainout shelters semi-automated NDVI and IRT

Sensor rack upgraded in 2011-2012 Automated, with data-loggers Options for spectral indices and NDVI Higher-accuracy IR sensors to replace thermal images Amelia Henry

Drought phenotyping strengthened at 14 sites to characterize stress severity

soil water potential (-kPa)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Tarharra, Nepal

ICAR, Patna

NDUAT, Faizabad

BRRI, Gazipur

IGKV, Raipur

JNKVV, Rewa

10 /1 /2 10 011 /4 /2 10 011 /7 /2 10 011 /1 0 10 /201 /1 3/ 1 10 201 /1 6/ 1 10 201 /1 1 9 10 /201 /2 2 1 10 /201 /2 5 1 10 /201 /2 8/ 1 10 201 /3 1 1 11 /201 /3 /2 1 11 011 /6 /2 01 1

Rainfall measurements Water table depth Tensiometers

Alimganj Paba Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Barwale Foundation Hardinath, Nepal

Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Hazaribag, Jharkand. Direct seeding using Sabhagi dhan. Surrounding fields were not planted due to early drought

farmers' field day in Tripura

Submergence tolerant varieties Ten Sub1 varieties being evaluated in different countries Consistent yield advantage of 1 to over 3 t/ha under stress, with +ve/no -ve impacts in absence of stress Effective at all stages of development
Nursery Swarna-Sub1 Vegetative

Reproductive SwarnaSub1
Swar na

Swarna

Submergence tolerant varieties

Swarna-Sub1 17 d of submergence

Re-transplanted local varieties

October 1, 2010, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Pooja
Swarna-Sub1; Yield 4 ton/ha

Pooja Older seedlings for Retransplanting

Pooja

Puri district., Orissa; Sept 29, 2011

Stagnant flooding tolerance Physiological studies

Partial, 30-50 cm for most of the season Characterize vegetative growth responses to SF in tolerant and sensitive lines Elucidate tolerance mechanisms at vegetative and reproductive stage

Develop strategies for breeding

Yoichi Kato

SF tolerance: variations among selected enotypes

Plant elongation rate at vegetative stage (cm/d)
2.2 2.0 1.8 Stagnant flooding Non-stress

Fraction of light interception (above water; SF)

1.0 0.8 0.6
IRRI119 IRRI154 PSBRc18-Sub1 Swarna-Sub1

Relative stem number (SF/ non-stress)

0.7

0.6
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2

1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0

0.4
0.2

0.1
0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Days after transplanting 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 Days after transplanting
IRRI154 IRRI119 PSBRc18 -Sub1

Two tolerant checks (IRRI119; intermediate type, IRRI154; semi-dwarf type) have different elongation strategies

SwarnaSub1

Tolerance during germination (AG)

Two major QTLs for AG identified: AG1 (chr. 9L) & AG2 (chr. 7L)

AG1 NIL characterization, finemapping & gene validation ongoing

NILs for fine mapping of AG2 & for breeding developed MABC to transfer AG1 and AG2 into several varieties ongoing Novel QTLs identified from diverse germplasm (TKM9, Nanhi, and Kharsu)

AG-7-1 (AG2): LOD=16.8; R2=30%

Mazhan Red

Pyramiding of SUB1 + AG QTLs in progress

IR42

E. Septiningsih

Lines combining Sub1 and other traits

Sub1 + stagnant flooding tolerant lines being evaluated Further improvements of Swarna-Sub1: Pyramiding of 4 bacterial blight genes Photoperiod sensitive SwarnaSub1, maturity classes Swarna-Sub1-type lines with Stagnant flood tolerance

IRRI field screening pond (G12) March 2012

Bert Collard

Salt tolerant varieties

Outscaling: Inland: CSR 27, CSR 30, CSR 36, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 43 Coastal: BRRI Dhan 47, Breeding lines: CSR-89IR-8, NDRK 5083,
IR 50404, IR51491-AC5-4-SC3-19-HR2, IR73571-3B-7-1, IR 72046-B-R-3-3-3-1

CSR-89IR-8

New Salt Tolerant varieties released (2011/12)

1. CSR43 (CSR89-IR8) for sodic soils selected via PVS trials in UP 2. CR dhan 405 Luna Sankhi (IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1), released by Odisha state for dry season 3. CR Dhan 406 Luna Barial released for WS in Odisha 4. BRRI dhan 55 AS996 for Boro/aus season Bangladesh (Sub1 version in VN) Proposed for Boro in Bangladesh:
BR7105-4R-2 IR72579-B-3-2-3-3 IR64197-3B-14-2

G. Gregorio

CR dhan 405

Khandagiri

BRRI Dhan 47

BRRI Dhan 47 in farmers field at BRRI Dhan 28 Satkira, Bangladesh

Marker-assisted introgression of Saltol

Saltol introgressed into:
BRRI dhan 28 BRRI dhan 29 BRRI dhan 11 IR64 BRRI dhan 11 IR64 Swarna Two elite lines, IR84645-311-22-1-B & IR84649-81-4-B-B

Saltol and Sub1 in:

Several QTLs identified form different sources of tolerance

1 2 3

10

11

12

Major novel QTLs from specific donors Whole genome sequence-based cloning Combining best QTLs/alleles for higher tolerance Damien Platten

Developing more resilient varieties (2012/13)

Multiple QTLs for the same stress (salinity, AG, drought) Multiple QTLs for different stresses (SUB1 + DT, SUB1+AG+SF, SUB1+salt tolerance, SUB1 + Bacterial blight)

Stress tolerant varieties released for outscalling (2009/12)

Line/Variety India

Bangladesh
BRRI dhan-51 (2010) BRRI dhan-52 (2010)

Nepal
Swarna-Sub1 (2011)

Submergence tolerant
IR05F102 IR07F290 Swarna-Sub1 (2009)

IR077101

Submitted (UP)

S. Mahsuri-Sub1 (2011)

Drought tolerant
IR74371-46-1-1 IR74371-54-1-1 IR74371-70-1-1 IR44253XSwarna IR 80411-B-49-1 Sahbhagi dhan (2010) Indira Barani dhan1 (2010) Tarhara-1 Sukhadhan-1 (2011) Sukhadhan-2 (2011)

BRRI dhan 56 (2011)

Sukhadhan-3 (2011)

Varieties released..
Salt tolerant varieties
Line/Variety India Bangladesh BRRI dhan 53 (2010) BRRI dhan 54 (2010) IR66946-3R-149-1-1 AS996 CSR89-IR8 CSR43 (UP, India) BINA dhan-8 2010) BRRI dhan-55 (2011)

IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1 CR Dhan 406

CR dhan 405 Luna Sankhi CR Dhan 406 Luna Barial

19 varieties were released in SA, 7 of them in Phase 2 Others like Ciherang-Sub1; S. Mahsuri-Sub1 targeted for release

Partnerships, seed multiplication & dissemination Partners, networks and roles

Partner's Category
Research Institutions
Universities Government Organizations/programs Private Seed Companies/Seed Growers Public Sector Seed Corporations NGOs Farmers Organizations/Progressive Farmers (Seed producers) International Organizations TOTAL

India

B'desh

Nepal

Total

15 18
16 41 8 15

3 4
6 201 39

3 1
2 8 1 3

21 23
24 148 9 57

15
3 131

11
3 267

1
18

27
6 416

Careful selection of partners based on needs and capabilities

Seed multiplication and dissemination Led by NARES partners with STRASA playing a catalytic/coordination role => ownership Additional roles:
Process documentation for tracking of seeds and for assessing impact (formal/informal) Support studies; e.g. optimize minikit size and number per village, document formal and informal seed sector, use of IT tools for data capture and communication to reduce errors and speed progress, etc.. Ensure tracking of need and support of demand for varieties that are spreading fast among farmers: e.g. Swarna-Sub1, Sahbhagi dhan (India), BRRI dhan 51, 52, & 47 (Bangladesh)

How much to produce and of which variety?

Over 20,000 tons of seed of STV produced in the wet season of 2011, market capacity?
Swarna-Sub1 estimated to be grown by ~ 1.12 million farmers during the wet season of 2011, How much is needed in subsequent seasons? How far could a project support a variety (20% sat.)

Seed production through national programs (semi-formal)

NFSM distributed ~ 300,000 minikits of STRVs to farmers; including Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and IR64-Sub1 as a prerelease varieties

BGREI project demonstrations in over 1,950 ha

Bihar government distributed 100 tons of Swarna-Sub1 under their seed village program Large scale promotion programs by State Governments, as in UP, Bihar and Odisha DAE, Bangladesh, distributed 19 tons for multiplication by farmers in 44 districts.

Coverage in Bangladesh reached 54 districts out of 64 districts in the country

Targeting
Cropping pattern of South Asia
kharif (2010-11) Winter + summer (2010-11)

Legend
01. Rainfed-rice 02. Irrigated-GW-rice 03. Irrigated-SW-rice

Morali Gumma & Andy Nelson

AN Singh

Targeting

Determining target domains and needs Targeted Villages for Dissemination of Sub1 varieties in Bhadrak, Orissa
Vill_Code Village Name 728 Ambroli 775 Atto 755 Bagamara 738 Bahadalpur 839 Balabhadrapur 826 Balajitpada 729 Bandhgn 778 Bania 727 Bantia 831 Baradadihi 807 Baranga 862 Barapada 766 Basuapada 770 Basudebpur 780 Bhagabanpur 827 Bilabari 748 Chadheya 774 Toranpada

List of villages

Outputs: characterization of stress-prone areas Flash flood-prone areas in UP (2106 villages in 14 districts, Bihar (3360 villages in 11 districts) and Orissa (5688 villages in 9 districts) in India Drought prone areas in UP and Banka districts in Bihar Lists of villages with sodic soils in Uttar Pradesh Site suitability analysis for dissemination of salttolerant rice varieties in Southern Bangladesh (identified 4070 mauzas in 498 unions, 65 upzilas in 12 districts with low to medium salinity)

Awareness to create market demand

Visible demonstrations (up to one ha) for farmers and officials Trials in farmers fields (PVS, breeding networks, field days etc) Minikit programs Media
BINA dhan 8 demonstration plot in saline area in Chittagong
(Boro 2010/11)

Large scale seed demos and production plots (CR dhan 405; coastal Orissa & WB

Saline Soils

Good harvest of IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1

PVS sites for drought, 2011-2012

Nepalgunj Hardinath Faizabad Hazaribag Ranchi Raipur Rajshahi BRRI

On-station trials On farm trials

S. Haefele & T. Paris

Tracking and impact

Tracking of formal seed distribution Public sector, private seed companies Seed production, distribution, retailers Semi-formal and informal Seed village programs Government schemes (BGREI, FSM) Farmer to farmer Random surveys (neighbors, ATAI in Orissa and WB; smart phones)

Example: Seed neighbors Surveys

To assess farmer-to-farmer distribution of stresstolerant rice seeds in SA. To design more effective seed dissemination programs; To forecast the diffusion of seeds of the stresstolerant varieties in the future. To estimate the impact of adoption of STRV in mitigating losses due to abiotic stresses.

Takashi Yamano

First Season
NGO
Sub 11 Sub 11

V
U

U: Original users (4); V: villigers receiving seeds from U (12)

Second Season
U

V
U V
Why not?

Tracking field demos

Bina dhan 8 in Bahrampur Mauza, Patuakhali District, Boro 2012

Swarna-Sub1 field demonstrations in Maharajganj District, U.P.

Dots indicate location of demonstration sites in the block

On Google map

Monitor changes in rice area/varieties through satellite images

Rice Area 622 ha April 2003 Rice Area 2438 ha April 2009 Rice Area 2752 ha March 2010

Rice Area

Increase in rice area attributed to introduction of IR72046 (CR dhan 405) during Rabi/Summer Season

Support tools
Smart phones For short surveys and real-time tracking Simple surveys limited to vital information Immediate capture and processing Considerable reduction in time and error factors Easier extraction of information and reporting

General Information
Date of Survey Name of the Farmer Gender Country State District Block / Upazila Village Location

Use of Produce
Total Produce (kg)

Productivity (t/ha)
Consumed (kg) Saved for seed next season (kg) Sold or Exchanged as seed with other farmers(kg) Number of farmers to whom supplied as seed Sold as grain Varieties cultivated in neighboring field

Var 1 var2

Crop Production Data

Variety

Crop Season
Year Seed Received (kg) Seed Type Seed Source Area Cultivated Abiotic stress detail: Date Duration

Support tools...
Seed calculator for planning seed production
Estimating seed requirements of particular variety for specific region over specified time period Determine when to stop supporting a particular variety (20% saturation) Input data into the Seed road map

Seed road maps: sets the longer-term strategy for a particular country/region
Help set the breeding targets; varieties, amount of seed Partners needed; seed producers, distributors etc Awareness and support of officials for informed decisions Help set future research and development targets

Target: 3 years for S. Asia

Swarna-Sub1 Timeline in in India

+ NGOs, FOs, Seed Co (P) (22) + NFSM, State Govs., Seed Co (P&Pv), NGOs, IPs (54) 100 public & private sector >130 public & private sectors

Partners

NARES (2)

NARES (8)

2006
Activities

2007
Evaluation

2008
Evaluation, Demonstration

2009
Release (June), Seed Mult. (BS +TL), Demonstr.

2010

2011

Multiplication
Seed amount 2 kg No. of Farmers

Dissemination, adoption, tracking & impact assessment

Seed Mult (boro)

100 kg

3,000 kg

15 tons

BS: 170 tons TL: 450 tons FS : > 500 t

BS/FS/CS/ TL,10,000 t (+FS)

BS/FS/ CS/TL, 40000 t (+FS)

~ 700

~5,000

>100,000

>1 million

Swarna-Sub1 will reach >3 million farmers in India by 2012 Sub1 varieties already moving into 10 other countries in Asia; beginning in Africa LAC Use of sub1 gene by private companies in hybrid rice breeding Future use of seed calculator

Summary:
Policy influence Greater interest in developing unfavorable areas More flexibility to adjust seed guidelines and policies Changes in testing strategies and guides for release
Shortening duration for release Allowing production and distribution of seeds of prereleased lines

Efforts to improve seed systems, including partnership with private sector (Bangladesh & Nepal) Private sector showing increased interest in marketing inbred seeds of stress tolerant varieties

Summary
Elements of success; examples Marketable products e.g. tolerant versions of popular varieties; new varieties Effective networks of partners including private sector for sustainable systems Strong awareness programs to generate interest of partners and demand from farmers Strong NARES support: Stimulate investments in seed systems & infrastructures Establish effective seed policies and guidelines Additional investments through parallel programs from governments, NGOs, other donors; e.g. EC-IFAD, USAID.

Thanks to all STRASA Team

Uma Shankar Singh Regional Coordinator, SA

M.A. Bari Project manager, Bangladesh

David J. Mackill Overall Project Advisor

Arvind Kumar Leader, Objective 1 (Drought)

Bertrand Collard Leader, Objective 2 (Submergence)

Glenn Gregorio Leader, Objective 3 (Salinity)

Thelma Paris Gender and PVS

Stephan Haefele Coordinator PVS

Manzoor Hussain Dar Seed upscaling and coordination for South Asia

P.G. Biswas Database management for South Asia

Amelia Henry Nollie Vera Cruz Ed Redoa E. Septiningsih Noel Magor

Andy Nelson Murali Gumma David Raitzer Tao Li

And STRASA Support Staff

Daisy C.R. Lampayan Professional service

Krystle A.M. Ambayec Overall Coordination, IRRI Philippines

Maria Rowena M. Baltazar Communication/Multimedia Specialist

Marilyn A. Rala Administrative support

Staff in Bangladesh office

TC Dhoundiyal coordination for South Asia Mayank Sharma Shaivya Singh Rohit Katara Project coordination, Communication Specialist, Database management support, India India-based India-based

Thank YOU!
IRRI Management
Finance and accounting offices

DRPC
Physiology Group