Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bio-energy production Europe BEPE project 19 maart 2012 Pieter Verdonckt, Inagro
Initiatief in het kader van het Interreg IVB Project ARBOR, met steun van de Europese gemeenschap, de Vlaamse Overheid en de provincie West-Vlaanderen.
What is short rotation coppice and why? Technical aspects Productivity and rentability Examples Multifunctional aspects
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SRC in EUROPE
SWEDEN: 20.000 ha POLAND: 6800 ha ITALY: 6000ha (mainly poplar) ENGLAND: 3000ha IRELAND: 1000 ha GERMANY: <1000 ha FRANCE: several 100 ha DENMARK: several 100 ha BELGIUM
1996: 2004: 2006: 2007: 2008: 2009: 2010: 2011: Boom 0,55 ha Bruges 1 ha Lommel 4 ha Doornik 20 ha Wervik 1 ha; Beitem 0,5 ha Wervik 1 ha Zedelgem 2 ha; Bruges 0,5 ha; Lochristi 18 ha Ursel 6 ha
TOTAL: 54,55 ha
Advantages: Desadvantages: Less problems with weed control Shorter life span; more expensive Lower risk of damage by drought No machines for mechanical Higher quality of wood (less bark) planting Machines for harvest are available (cfr forestry)
Advantages: Weed control is more intensive Risk of damage by drought More bark Only one machine for harvest is available in Flanders (corn harvester)
Desadvantages: Longer life span, less expensive Machines for planting and management are available
Technichal aspects
Pre-planting
Pre-ploughing herbicide application if necessary (glyphosate 4 - 5l/ha) ploughing (plowed and power harrowed, prepare seedbed in mid march (6 weeks before planting) spray off germinated weeds) harrowed as close as possible to planting
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Planting
Swedish planting system with short cuttings, using a leek planter
double row system at a distance of 0,75m and 1,50m between every double row
planting distance in the row is 0,60m or planting density of 15.000 cuttings per ha
2 ha/day
Management
Less intensive than classic arable cultures
Weed control
Chemical pre-emergent herbicide: in de poten van 180cm ( 5-jarige teelt ) Terano ( 60% Flufenacet + 2,5% Metosulam ) aan 0,5 tot 1kg/ha
Mengsel van : - Linuron 500SC ( Linuron 500g/l) 2L/ha - Kerb 400SC ( Propyzamide 400g/L) 1,5L/ha AZ 500 ( Isoxaben 500g/L ) 0,5l/ha
AND
Mechanical with weeder or line cultivator
Pests in SRC
Phratora vulgatissima
Pests in SRC
Olof
Raamberger Tora
Tordis Inger
Diseases in SRC
Roest (Melamsora spp.)
Most important fungal pathogen of SRC Willow
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Can cause significant levels of damage to shoots and stools and even cause death.
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Control could be achieved using fungicides or insecticides, however this is not considered a solution for a number of reasons;
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Economics use of pesticides is not compatible with the idea of willow as an environmentally acceptable crop. Practically difficult to apply chemical disease and pest control.
Relative Yield
100
Leaf rust
100
Insects*
100
Leaf beetle
100
155 (74)*** 123 (41) 136 (45) 143 (41) 138 (20) 131 (28) 141 (9) 107 (9) 125 (2)
43 87 116 44 25 57 64 81 33
3 5 5 5 0 5 5 1 0
Harvest
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Harvest when trees are at rest (nov-maart) every 3 year , 30-60 tons DM/ 3 year (10-20 tons DM/ha/year)
Four different types of harvesters were tested and demonstrated this winter:
Aangepaste mashakselaar Belgium Stemster MKIII (Nordic Biomass) Denmark Energy harvester (Ny Vraa) Denmark BioBaler (Anderson Group Co.) Canada
% humidity
8 6 4 2 0
10
12
Yield DM (ton/ha/year)
Estimation profitability
=> 12 ton DM (0% M)/ha/year => 15,6 ton dry wood chips (30% M)/ha/year Equivalent to 5000l oil/ha/year => Every 3 year 46,8 ton dry wood can be harvested per ha
Investments 2 ha SRC Drying accomodation 300m3 (concrete floor + concrete walls and plastic greenhouse) Price biomass installation Wood boiler 100kW Supply system and stock Subsidies on investment (28%) Buffer 5.000l Total investment wood boiler Total investment for self sufficiency
Yearly cost Managemet plantation Year 1, 2, 3 (cycle 1) Cycle 2 harvest fertilizing Etc.
Cost
(excl VAT)
=> 1300 per cycle (3 year) or 433 per year/ha Yearly maintenance and service of wood boiler Cost Remove plantation after 21 year 300
(excl VAT)
2500
=> Assuming a production of 12 tons / year / ha, or 15.6 tons of wood chips (M30%) equivalent to 93.6 tons of wood chips (M30%) when harvesting every 3 years 2ha Fuel Oil Price 0.7490 / l (average 5000l) (excl. VAT and excise)
Farmers uses its own produced wood chips coming from SRC Production price per ton 104,04
= ((depreciation 2ha en drying space) + management cost 2ha + depreciation and maintenance of heating) / 31,2 ton
243
139
2437
= (saved cost 10000l oil + selling surplus wood chips) (depreciation 2 ha, drying space and heating + management cost 2ha + maintenance heating)/2
6,28
26 ton/ha
Net present Vlaue Modified internal rate of return (MIRR) Dynamic payback time (year) Net annual income/ha
117.702 13 %
126.466 13 %
135.229 14 %
143.062 14 %
151.408 15 %
159.754 15 %
2802
3011
3220
3406
3605
3804
Compare net annual income/ ha with arable cultures => Short rotation coppice => min. 2802 /ha => Wheat- potatoes - corn suga rbeet =>average 1500 /ha
Examples
First harvest in nov 2011 after 4 years (average yearly yield = 10 ton)
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www.xylempor.eu
Biodiversity
Why does SRC has potential?
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Perennial low input culture, no use of pesticides and low fertilization More stable and natural environment than intensively managed annual energy crops Willow is a host plant to a lot of insects Development of a herbacious vegetation below SRC and rich soil, higher natural equilibrium (insecten en hun predatoren) Large headlands without negative effects from pesticides where insects, butterflies and plants can occur.
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